This three-volume work presents a coherent description of the theoretical and practical aspects of coloured Petri nets (CP-nets). The second volume contains a detailed presentation of the analysis methods for CP-nets. They allow the modeller to investigate dynamic properties of CP-nets.
The main ideas behind the analysis methods are described as well as the mathematics on which they are based and also how the methods are supported by computer tools. Some parts of the volume are theoretical while others are application oriented. The purpose of the volume is to teach the reader how to use the formal analysis methods, which does not require a deep understanding of the underlying mathematical theory.

This book presents a coherent description of the theoretical and practical aspects of Coloured Petri Nets (CP-nets or CPN). It shows how CP-nets have been de veloped - from being a promising theoretical model to being a full-fledged lan guage for the design, specification, simulation, validation and implementation of large software systems (and other systems in which human beings and/or com puters communicate by means of some more or less formal rules). The book contains the formal definition of CP-nets and the mathematical theory behind their analysis methods. However, it has been the intention to write the book in such a way that it also becomes attractive to readers who are more interested in applications than the underlying mathematics. This means that a large part of the book is written in a style which is closer to an engineering textbook (or a users' manual) than it is to a typical textbook in theoretical computer science. The book consists of three separate volumes. The first volume defines the net model (i. e. , hierarchical CP-nets) and the basic concepts (e. g. , the different behavioural properties such as deadlocks, fair ness and home markings). It gives a detailed presentation of many small exam ples and a brief overview of some industrial applications. It introduces the for mal analysis methods. Finally, it contains a description of a set of CPN tools which support the practical use of CP-nets.

Coloured Petri Nets (CPN) is a graphical language for modelling and validating concurrent and distributed systems, and other systems in which concurrency plays a major role. The development of such systems is particularly challenging because of inherent intricacies like possible nondeterminism and the immense number of possible execution sequences.

In this textbook Jensen and Kristensen introduce the constructs of the CPN modelling language and present the related analysis methods in detail. They also provide a comprehensive road map for the practical use of CPN by showcasing selected industrial case studies that illustrate the practical use of CPN modelling and validation for design, specification, simulation, verification and implementation in various application domains.

Their presentation primarily aims at readers interested in the practical use of CPN. Thus all concepts and constructs are first informally introduced through examples and then followed by formal definitions (which may be skipped). The book is ideally suitable for a one-semester course at an advanced undergraduate or graduate level, and through its strong application examples can also serve for self-study. An accompanying website offers additional material such as slides, exercises and project proposals.

Book website: http: //www.cs.au.dk/CPnets/cpnbook/

Coloured Petri Nets (CPN) is a graphical language for modelling and validating concurrent and distributed systems, and other systems in which concurrency plays a major role. The development of such systems is particularly challenging because of inherent intricacies like possible nondeterminism and the immense number of possible execution sequences. In this textbook Jensen and Kristensen introduce the constructs of the CPN modelling language and present the related analysis methods in detail. They also provide a comprehensive road map for the practical use of CPN by showcasing selected industrial case studies that illustrate the practical use of CPN modelling and validation for design, specification, simulation, verification and implementation in various application domains. Their presentation primarily aims at readers interested in the practical use of CPN. Thus all concepts and constructs are first informally introduced through examples and then followed by formal definitions (which may be skipped). The book is ideally suitable for a one-semester course at an advanced undergraduate or graduate level, and through its strong application examples can also serve for self-study. An accompanying website offers additional material such as slides, exercises and project proposals. Book website: http://www.cs.au.dk/CPnets/cpnbook/

These Transactions publish archival papers in the broad area of Petri nets and other models of concurrency, ranging from theoretical work to tool support and industrial applications. ToPNoC issues are published as LNCS volumes, and hence are widely distributed and indexed. This Journal has its own Editorial Board which selects papers based on a rigorous two-stage refereeing process. ToPNoC contains: - Revised versions of a selection of the best papers from workshops and tutorials at the annual Petri net conferences - Special sections/issues within particular subareas (similar to those published in the Advances in Petri Nets series) - Other papers invited for publication in ToPNoC - Papers submitted directly to ToPNoC by their authors The 7th volume of ToPNoC contains revised material from the 5th International Summer School "Advanced Course on Petri Nets", held in September 2010 in Rostock, Germany. The nine papers cover a diverse range of topics including modeling, verification, partial order semantics, and synthesis of Petri nets. In compliance with their origin as course material, the papers are written in survey or tutorial style and give a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in their respective areas.

These Transactions publish archival papers in the broad area of Petri nets and other models of concurrency, ranging from theoretical work to tool support and industrial applications. ToPNoC issues are published as LNCS volumes, and hence are widely distributed and indexed. This Journal has its own Editorial Board which selects papers based on a rigorous two-stage refereeing process. ToPNoC contains: - Revised versions of a selection of the best papers from workshops and tutorials at the annual Petri net conferences - Special sections/issues within particular subareas (similar to those published in the Advances in Petri Nets series) - Other papers invited for publication in ToPNoC - Papers submitted directly to ToPNoC by their authors.

The sixth volume of ToPNoCincludes revised versions of selected papers from workshops and tutorials held at the 32nd International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency. It alsocontainsa special section on Networks, Protocols, and Services, as well asa contributed paper submitted through the regular submission track of ToPNoC. The 14 papers cover a diverse range of topics including model checking and system verification, synthesis, foundational work on specific classes of Petri nets, and innovative applications of Petri nets and other models of concurrency. Thus this volume gives a good view of ongoing concurrent systems and Petri nets research."

The contents of this volume are application oriented. The volume contains a de tailed presentation of 19 applications of CP-nets, covering a broad range of ap plication areas. Most of the projects have been carried out in an industrial set ting. The volume presents the most important ideas and experiences from the projects, in a way which is useful also for readers who do not yet have personal experience with the construction and analysis of large CPN models. The volume demonstrates the feasibility of using CP-nets and the CPN tools for industrial projects. The presentation of the projects is based upon material provided by the per sons who have accomplished the individual projects. At the beginning of each chapter, we list their names and we say where the original material has been published. The original material often contains more elaborate information, e.g., about details of the modelled system and related work. I have edited the material provided by the original authors. I have modified some of the CP-nets, e.g., to improve the layout and use more mnemonic names. In some cases, I have also changed a few net components, e.g., merged two tran sitions or introduced a Standard ML function for operations that are used in many arc expressions. These modifications make the CP-nets more appropriate as study material, but they do not change the essential behaviour of the CPN models."

This three-volume work presents a coherent description of the theoretical and practical aspects of coloured Petri nets (CP-nets). The second volume contains a detailed presentation of the analysis methods for CP-nets. They allow the modeller to investigate dynamic properties of CP-nets.
The main ideas behind the analysis methods are described as well as the mathematics on which they are based and also how the methods are supported by computer tools. Some parts of the volume are theoretical while others are application oriented. The purpose of the volume is to teach the reader how to use the formal analysis methods, which does not require a deep understanding of the underlying mathematical theory.

This book presents a coherent description of the theoretical and practical aspects of Coloured Petri Nets (CP-nets or CPN). It shows how CP-nets have been de veloped - from being a promising theoretical model to being a full-fledged lan guage for the design, specification, simulation, validation and implementation of large software systems (and other systems in which human beings and/or com puters communicate by means of some more or less formal rules). The book contains the formal definition of CP-nets and the mathematical theory behind their analysis methods. However, it has been the intention to write the book in such a way that it also becomes attractive to readers who are more interested in applications than the underlying mathematics. This means that a large part of the book is written in a style which is closer to an engineering textbook (or a users' manual) than it is to a typical textbook in theoretical computer science. The book consists of three separate volumes. The first volume defines the net model (i. e. , hierarchical CP-nets) and the basic concepts (e. g. , the different behavioural properties such as deadlocks, fair ness and home markings). It gives a detailed presentation of many small exam ples and a brief overview of some industrial applications. It introduces the for mal analysis methods. Finally, it contains a description of a set of CPN tools which support the practical use of CP-nets.

AccordingtoHolzmann 14], protocol speci?cationscomprise ?veelements: the service the protocol provides toits users; the set of messages that are exchanged between protocol entities; the format of each message; the rules governingm- sage exchange (procedures); and the assumptionsabout the environment in which the protocol is intended tooperate. In protocol standards documents, information related to the operatingenvironment isusually writteninformally andmayoccur in several di?erentplaces 37]. This informal speci?cation style canlead to misunderstandings andpossibly incompatible implementations. In contrast, executableformalmodelsrequireprecisespeci?cations oftheoperating environment. Ofparticularsigni?canceisthecommunicationmediumorchannel over which the protocol operates. Channelscan havedi?erent characteristics depending on the physical media (e. g. optical ?bre, copper, cable orunguided media (radio)) they employ. The characteristics also depend on the levelof the protocol inacomputer protocol architecture. Forexample, the link-leveloperates over a singlemedium, whereas the network, transport andapplication levelsmayoperate over a network, or network of networks such as the Internet, which couldemploy several di?erent physical media. Channels (such as satellite links) can be noisy resulting in bit errors in packets. To correct biterrors in packets, many importantprotocols (such the Internet's TransmissionControl Protocol 27]) use CyclicRedundancy Checks (CRCs) 28] to detect errors. On detectingan error, the receiver discards the packet andrelies on the sender to retransmit itforrecovery, known as Au- maticRepeatreQuest(ARQ) 28]. Thisisachievedbythereceiveracknowledging the receipt of good packets, andby the transmitter maintainingatimer. When the timer expires before an acknowledgementhasbeen received, the transmitter retransmits packets that havebeen sent but are as yet notacknowledged. It may also be possibleforpacketsto be lost due to routers in networks discarding packets when congested

Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency (ToPNoC) II

These Transactions publish archival papers in the broad area of Petri nets and other models of concurrency, ranging from theoretical work to tool support and industrial applications. ToPNoC issues are published as LNCS volumes, and hence are widely distributed and indexed. This Journal has its own Editorial Board which selects papers based on a rigorous two-stage refereeing process. ToPNoC contains:

- Revised versions of a selection of the best papers from workshops and tutorials at the annual Petri net conferences

- Special sections/issues within particular subareas (similar to those published in the Advances in Petri Nets series)

- Other papers invited for publication in ToPNoC

- Papers submitted directly to ToPNoC by their authors

The second volume of ToPNoC focuses on Concurrency in Process-Aware Information Systems. Although the topic of business process management using information technology has been addressed by consultants and software developers in depth, more fundamental approaches towards such Process-Aware Information Systems (PAISs) have been rather uncommon. It wasn't until the 1990s that researchers started to work on the foundations of PAISs. Clearly, concurrency theory is an essential ingredient in these foundations as business processes are highly concurrent involving all types of routing logic and resource allocation mechanisms. The 16 papers in this special issue of ToPNoC cover topics ranging from the formal (mostly Petri-net based) foundations of PAISs to more applied topics such as flexibility and process mining. Thus, this volume gives a good overview of the state of the art in PAIS research.

These Transactions publish archival papers in the broad area of Petri nets and other models of concurrency, ranging from theoretical work to tool support and industrial applications. ToPNoC issues are published as LNCS volumes, and hence are widely distributed and indexed. This Journal has its own Editorial Board which selects papers based on a rigorous two stage refereeing process. ToPNoC contains: Revised versions of a selection of the best papers from workshops and tutorials at the annual Petri net conferences; special sections/issues within particular subareas (similar to those published in the Advances in Petri Nets series); other papers invited for publication in ToPNoC; papers submitted directly to ToPNoC by their authors.

This is the first volume of ToPNoC. It contains revised and extended versions of a selection of the best papers from the workshops held at the 28th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency, which took place in Siedlce, Poland, June 25-29, 2007. The material has been selected and evaluated by the two Workshop and Tutorial Chairs, Wil van der Aalst and Jonathan Billington, in close cooperation with the chairs of the individual workshops.

The 13 papers in this volume cover a wide range of concurrency-related topics, including: teaching concurrency; process languages; process mining; software engineering; state space visualization techniques; timed Petri nets; unfolding techniques and hardware systems. Thus, this volume gives a good overview of the state of the art in concurrency research.

This volume contains the proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS 2004). TACAS 2004 took place in Barcelona, Spain, from March 29th to April 2nd, as part of the 7th European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software (ETAPS 2004), whose aims, organization, and history are detailed in a foreword by the ETAPS Steering Committee Chair, Jos e Luiz Fiadeiro. TACAS is a forum for researchers, developers, and users interested in ri- rously based tools for the construction and analysis of systems. The conference serves to bridge the gaps between di?erent communities including, but not - mited to, those devoted to formal methods, software and hardware veri?cation, static analysis, programming languages, software engineering, real-time systems, and communication protocols that share common interests in, and techniques for, tool development. In particular, by providing a venue for the discussion of common problems, heuristics, algorithms, data structures, and methodologies, TACAS aims to support researchers in their quest to improve the utility, rel- bility, ?exibility, and e?ciency of tools for building systems. TACASseekstheoreticalpaperswithaclearlinktotoolconstruction, papers describingrelevantalgorithmsandpracticalaspectsoftheirimplementation, - pers giving descriptions of tools and associated methodologies, and case studies with a conceptual message."

This volume contains the proceedings of the 13th International Conference onApplication and Theory of Petri Nets, held in Sheffield, England, in June 1992. The aim of the Petri net conferences is to create a forum for discussing progress in the application and theory of Petri nets. Typically, the conferences have 150-200 participants, one third of these coming from industry and the rest from universities and research institutions. The 1992 conference was organized by the School of Computing and Management Sciences at Sheffield City Polytechnic, England. The volume contains twoinvited papers, by G. Balbo and W. Reisig, 18 submitted papers, and seven project papers. The submitted papers and project presentations were selectedby the programme committee and a panel of referees from a large number of submissions.

High-level Petri nets are now widely used in both theoretical analysis and practical modelling of concurrent systems. The main reason for the success of this class of net models is that they make it possible to obtain much more succinct and manageable de scriptions than can be obtained by means of low-level Petri nets-while, on the other hand, they still offer a wide range of analysis methods and tools. The step from low-level nets to high-level nets can be compared to the step from assembly languages to modem programming languages with an elaborated type concept. In low-level nets there is only one kind of token and this means that the state of a place is described by an integer (and in many cases even by a boolean value). In high-level nets each token can carry complex information which, e. g., may describe the entire state of a process or a data base. Today most practical applications of Petri nets use one of the different kinds of high-level nets. A considerable body of knowledge exists about high-level Petri nets this includes theoretical foundations, analysis methods and many applications. Unfortunately, the papers on high-level Petri nets have been scattered throughout various journals and collections. As a result, much of this knowledge is not readily available to people who may be interested in using high-level nets."

These Transactions publish archival papers in the broad area of Petri nets and other models of concurrency, ranging from theoretical work to tool support and industrial applications. ToPNoC issues are published as LNCS volumes, and hence are widely distributed and indexed. This Journal has its own Editorial Board which selects papers based on a rigorous two-stage refereeing process. ToPNoC contains: - Revised versions of a selection of the best papers from workshops and tutorials at the annual Petri net conferences - Special sections/issues within particular subareas (similar to those published in the Advances in Petri Nets series) - Other papers invited for publication in ToPNoC - Papers submitted directly to ToPNoC by their authors The fifth volume of ToPNoC contains revised versions of selected papers from workshops and tutorials held in conjunction with the 31st International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency, as well as a contributed paper selected through the regular submission track of ToPNoC. The 12 papers cover a diverse range of topics including model checking and system verification, synthesis, foundational work on specific classes of Petri nets, and innovative applications of Petri nets and other models of concurrency. Thus, this volume gives a good view of ongoing concurrent systems and Petri nets research.

This book provides new research on the design, applications and research insights of heterogeneous catalysts. Chapter One discusses the assembly of nanocatalytic structures by the molecular layer epitaxy method. Chapter Two presents a comprehensive review of different solid acids used for biodiesel synthesis. Chapter Three examines process optimization of refined palm oil biodiesel production using calcium methoxide obtained from quick lime as a heterogeneous catalyst. Chapter Four studies the cyclization of pseudoionone over USY zeolites.