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During the past decade the issue of a general welfare double dividend (an improvement in environmental quality combined with a positive welfare effect) triggered by a tax shift from labour to energy resources has been extensively debated. In this book, Kurt Kratena studies the employment effects of revenue neutral tax shifts from labour to energy, and measures the impact on theoretical and empirical models of the European labour market. A common theoretical framework is devised to analyse the impact of environmental tax reform. Various 'labour market regimes' (competitive labour markets, union wage bargaining and efficiency wages) are derived and taken as the starting point for different specifications of the labour market. The theoretical outcomes of tax shifts in these different labour market regimes are then analysed and compared. The results reveal that whereas an econometric based multi-sectoral model yields significant double dividend effects, a general equilibrium model only finds employment double dividend effects. The book also highlights the potentially positive economic consequences of environmental tax reform such as a shift in demand from energy to non-energy goods. This book provides a concise appraisal of the general double dividend question combined with an innovative analysis of the employment double dividend effect. It utilises extensive empirical evidence and reveals the sensitivity of the various theoretical concepts surrounding the debate. This book will be of interest and relevance to academics in the fields of environmental economics, labour theory and fiscal studies.
Die methodische Erfassung und Verknupfung von wirtschaftlicher Aktivitat und ihren Umweltwirkungen ist Thema dieses Bandes. Fur Osterreich wird zudem empirisch ein Bereich aufgearbeitet, der bisher - wenn uberhaupt - nur durch vage Schatzungen erfasst wurde. Methodische Grundlagen sind die Input-Output Analyse und der Materialbilanzansatz. Beide Konzepte sind schon des langeren bekannt. Allerdings erfolgte bis jetzt noch keine konsequente Umsetzung mit empirischen Daten. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird diese Lucke fur einen wichtigen Bereich der osterreichischen Wirtschaft, namlich fur die Industrie und die Landwirtschaft, geschlossen. Die breit angelegten statistischen Auswertungen ermoglichen eine umfassende okologische Beurteilung von Produktionsprozessen der Wirtschaft.
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