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Liane B. Russell Biology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, TN 37830 Composite individuals have always excited
mankind's imagina- tion. Even the earliest recorded mythologies are
full of fanciful examples of creatures such as centaurs, mermaids,
androgynes, and winged horses. While real, naturally occurring,
mosaics might not appear as spectacular to the popular mind, their
study -- particu- larly in Drosophila and plants -- has made
important contributions to genetics, starting relatively early in
this century. In mammals, too, examples of mosaics resulting from
early or late somatic muta- tions and from abnormal egg maturation
and/or fertilization events have been known since the 1930's and
exploited for the information they could provide on such subjects
as the or1g1n of the germline and the extent of cell mixing (see
Russell 1964). Two major, and unrelated, advances, both published
17 years ago, suddenly provided a wealth of material for the study
of mam- malian mosaicism. One was the successful manipulation of
early embryos to make viable aggregation chimeras (Tarkowski 1961;
Mintz 1962) -- a feat made possible by earlier advances in embryo
culture and transfer. The other was the hypothesis that only one X
chromo- some of a mammal is active (Lyon 1961; Russell 1961) and
that, by virtue of the fact that the choice of the active X is made
at ran- dom early in development, the normal mammalian female is a
mosaic for any X-linked genetic heterozygosity.
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Until Maisie
L B Russell, Boom Factory Publishing, Cheri Marie
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R340
Discovery Miles 3 400
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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