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This fascinating cultural history of the personal computer explains
how user-friendly design allows tech companies to build systems
that we cannot understand. Modern personal computers are easy to
use, and their welcoming, user-friendly interfaces encourage us to
see them as designed for our individual benefit. Rarely, however,
do these interfaces invite us to consider how our individual uses
support the broader political and economic strategies of their
designers. In Transparent Designs, Michael L. Black revisits early
debates from hobbyist newsletters, computing magazines, user
manuals, and advertisements about how personal computers could be
seen as usable and useful by the average person. Black examines how
early personal computers from the Tandy TRS-80 and Commodore PET to
the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh were marketed to an American public
that was high on the bold promises of the computing revolution but
also skeptical about their ability to participate in it. Through
this careful archival study, he shows how many of the foundational
principles of usability theory were shaped through disagreements
over the languages and business strategies developed in response to
this skepticism. In short, this book asks us to consider the
consequences of a computational culture that is based on the
assumption that the average person does not need to know anything
about the internal operations of the computers we've come to depend
on for everything. Expanding our definition of usability,
Transparent Designs examines how popular and technical rhetoric
shapes user expectations about what counts as usable and useful as
much as or even more so than hardware and software interfaces.
Offering a fresh look at the first decade of personal computing,
Black highlights how the concept of usability has been leveraged
historically to smooth over conflicts between the rhetoric of
computing and its material experience. Readers interested in
vintage computing, the history of technology, digital rhetoric, or
American culture will be fascinated in this book.
Relevant and thought-provoking, describes a new and imaginative
approach to the needs of de-institutionalised people returning to
care in the community. It shows that there is a challenging but
dynamic contribution to be made by all community mental health
workers in restoring dignity to the lives of those who have
tragically been robbed of such a basic human need.
Lived Experiences of Women in Academia shares meaningful stories of
women working in the academy, from numerous disciplines,
backgrounds and countries, to unveil the complex and distinct
dimensionalities they experience in their life and work. Chapters
are written using a range of responsive, personal and aesthetic
techniques, including metaphor, manifesto and memoir, with
reflections inspired by textiles, online blogs and forums, theatre,
creative writing, fiction and popular culture. They engage with
themes and ideas including gender roles, family-making, work-life
balance, motherhood, institutional violence and harassment and the
self and identity, revealing how these uniquely manifest for women
in academia. This collection takes account of the experiences of
female academics from previous decades and the experiences of those
to come, as well as those outside the academic system entirely.
Lived Experiences of Women in Academia aims to liberate thinking
around the life of a female academic through collaborative
storytelling and discussion, to encourage new conversations and
connections between women in academia across the globe
Women Activating Agency in Academia seeks to create and expand safe
spaces for scholarly, professional and personal stories and
assemblages of agency. It provides readers with the opportunity to
connect with the strategies women are using to navigate academe and
the core values, linked to trust, relationship, wellbeing and
ethics of care, they live by. The collection offers the stories of
women academics from around the globe and across disciplines and
showcases their efforts to meaningfully listen and converse in
order to resist self-audit and diminished identities. Reflections
come from a range of responsive, personal and aesthetic techniques,
including writing groups, guided autobiography, auto-ethnography,
collective activism and slow scholarship. Chapters engage with
themes and ideas such as agency, neoliberalism, ontological
security, androcentricity, identity and collegial support, which
manifest in unique ways for female academics. The focus in this
volume is what really matters to women in the academy, as they
share their efforts to 'be' themselves in their work, to 'care for
themselves and others' and to 'count what isn't counted'. It aims
to prove how collaborative storytelling and discussion can empower
female academics to preserve and achieve these ambitions.
Lived Experiences of Women in Academia shares meaningful stories of
women working in the academy, from numerous disciplines,
backgrounds and countries, to unveil the complex and distinct
dimensionalities they experience in their life and work. Chapters
are written using a range of responsive, personal and aesthetic
techniques, including metaphor, manifesto and memoir, with
reflections inspired by textiles, online blogs and forums, theatre,
creative writing, fiction and popular culture. They engage with
themes and ideas including gender roles, family-making, work-life
balance, motherhood, institutional violence and harassment and the
self and identity, revealing how these uniquely manifest for women
in academia. This collection takes account of the experiences of
female academics from previous decades and the experiences of those
to come, as well as those outside the academic system entirely.
Lived Experiences of Women in Academia aims to liberate thinking
around the life of a female academic through collaborative
storytelling and discussion, to encourage new conversations and
connections between women in academia across the globe
First published in 1997, this volume examines the enactment of the
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms precipitated change within
educational institutions, affecting all levels of governance,
administration and day-to-day teaching. This book illustrates the
ways in which such change has transpired by first presenting the
significance of the Charter, and subsequently focusing on case law.
The book concludes with an analysis of the politicization of the
judiciary within the education sector. In essence, the primary
objective of this book is to clarify the effects and implications
of the Charter on and for educational practice in Canada. The
secondary objective is to put the impact of the Charter into a more
general political framework.
First published in 1997, this volume examines the enactment of the
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms precipitated change within
educational institutions, affecting all levels of governance,
administration and day-to-day teaching. This book illustrates the
ways in which such change has transpired by first presenting the
significance of the Charter, and subsequently focusing on case law.
The book concludes with an analysis of the politicization of the
judiciary within the education sector. In essence, the primary
objective of this book is to clarify the effects and implications
of the Charter on and for educational practice in Canada. The
secondary objective is to put the impact of the Charter into a more
general political framework.
This book explores the capacities and desires of academic women to
reimagine and transform academic cultures. Embracing and
championing feminist scholarship, the research presented by the
authors in this collection holds space for a different way of being
in academia and shifts the conversation toward a future that is
hopeful, kind and inclusive. Through exploring lived experiences,
building caring communities and enacting an ethics of care, the
authors are reimagining the academy's focus and purpose. The
autoethnographic and arts-based research approaches employed
throughout the book provide evocative conceptual content, which
responds to the symbolic nature of transformation in the academy.
This innovative volume will be of interest and value to feminist
scholars, as well as those interested in disrupting and rejecting
patriarchal academic structures.
This book presents the proceedings of the 21st Congress of the
International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021), held online on
June 13-18, 2021. By highlighting the latest theories and models,
as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by
combining findings from a range of disciplines including
engineering, design, robotics, healthcare, management, computer
science, human biology and behavioral science, it provides
researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely
guide on human factors and ergonomics. It also offers an excellent
source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and
developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize
system performance, while at the same time promoting the health,
safety and wellbeing of individuals. The proceedings include papers
from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians,
institutional leaders, managers and policy makers that contribute
to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a
variety of methodologies, domains and productive sectors. This
volume includes papers addressing the following topics: Transport
Ergonomics and Human Factors, Practitioner Case Studies, Human
Factors in Robotics, Manufacturing, Agriculture, HF/E in Supply
Chain Design and Management, Aerospace, Building and Construction.
This book presents the proceedings of the 21st Congress of the
International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021), held online on
June 13-18, 2021. By highlighting the latest theories and models,
as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by
combining findings from a range of disciplines including
engineering, design, robotics, healthcare, management, computer
science, human biology and behavioral science, it provides
researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely
guide on human factors and ergonomics. It also offers an excellent
source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and
developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize
system performance, while at the same time promoting the health,
safety and wellbeing of individuals. The proceedings include papers
from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians,
institutional leaders, managers and policy makers that contribute
to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a
variety of methodologies, domains and productive sectors. This
volume includes papers addressing the following topics: Ergonomics
in Design for All, Human Factors and Sustainable Development,
Gender and Work, Slips Trips and Falls, Visual Ergonomics,
Ergonomics for children and Educational Environments, Ageing and
Work.
This book presents the proceedings of the 21st Congress of the
International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021), held online on
June 13-18, 2021. By highlighting the latest theories and models,
as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by
combining findings from a range of disciplines including
engineering, design, robotics, healthcare, management, computer
science, human biology and behavioral science, it provides
researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely
guide on human factors and ergonomics. It also offers an excellent
source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and
developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize
system performance, while at the same time promoting the health,
safety and wellbeing of individuals. The proceedings include papers
from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians,
institutional leaders, managers and policy makers that contribute
to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a
variety of methodologies, domains and productive sectors. This
volume includes papers addressing the following topics: Activity
Theories for Work Analysis and Design (ATWAD), Organisation design
and management (ODAM), Ergonomic Work Analysis and Training (EWAT),
Systems HF/E, HF/E Education and Professional Certification
Development.
This fifth volume in the book series on Nuclear Non-Proliferation
in International Law focuses on various legal aspects regarding
nuclear security and nuclear deterrence. The series on Nuclear
Non-Proliferation in International Law provides scholarly research
articles with critical commentaries on relevant treaty law, best
practice and legal developments, thus offering an academic analysis
and information on practical legal and diplomatic developments both
globally and regionally. It sets a basis for further constructive
discourse at both national and international levels. Jonathan L.
Black-Branch is Dean of Law and Professor of International and
Comparative Law at the University of Manitoba in Canada; a Bencher
of the Law Society of Manitoba; JP and Barrister (England &
Wales); Barrister & Solicitor (Manitoba); and Chair of the
International Law Association (ILA) Committee on Nuclear Weapons,
Non-Proliferation & Contemporary International Law. Dieter
Fleck is Former Director International Agreements & Policy,
Federal Ministry of Defence, Germany; Member of the Advisory Board
of the Amsterdam Center for International Law (ACIL); and
Rapporteur of the International Law Association (ILA) Committee on
Nuclear Weapons, Non-Proliferation & Contemporary International
Law.
This sixth volume of the book series on Nuclear Non-Proliferation
in International Law focuses on current legal challenges regarding
nuclear disarmament and security. The Series on Nuclear
Non-Proliferation in International Law provides scholarly research
articles with critical commentaries on relevant treaty law, best
practice and legal developments, thus offering an academic analysis
and information on practical legal and diplomatic developments both
globally and regionally. It sets a basis for further constructive
discourse at both national and international levels. Jonathan L.
Black-Branch is Chair of the ILA Committee on Nuclear Weapons,
Non-Proliferation and Contemporary International Law and President
and CEO of ISLAND - The Foundation for International Society of Law
and Nuclear Disarmament. Dieter Fleck is Former Director
International Agreements & Policy, Federal Ministry of Defence,
Germany; Member of the Advisory Board of the Amsterdam Center for
International Law (ACIL); Rapporteur of the International Law
Association (ILA) Committee on Nuclear Weapons, Non-Proliferation
& Contemporary International Law.
This book engages expansively with the concept of motherhood in
academia, to offer insights into re-imagining a more responsive
higher education. Written collaboratively as international,
interdisciplinary and intergenerational collectives, the editors
and contributors use various ways of understanding 'motherhood' to
draw attention to - and disrupt - the masculine structures
currently defining women's lives and work in the academy. Shifting
the focus from patriarchal understandings of academe, the
narratives embrace and champion feminist and feminine scholarship.
The book invites the reader to question what can be conceived when
motherhood is imagined more expansively, through lenses
traditionally silenced or made invisible. This pioneering volume
will be of interest and value to feminist scholars, as well as
those interested in disrupting patriarchal academic structures.
This book presents the proceedings of the 21st Congress of the
International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021), held online on
June 13-18, 2021. By highlighting the latest theories and models,
as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by
combining findings from a range of disciplines including
engineering, design, robotics, healthcare, management, computer
science, human biology and behavioral science, it provides
researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely
guide on human factors and ergonomics. It also offers an excellent
source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and
developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize
system performance, while at the same time promoting the health,
safety and wellbeing of individuals. The proceedings include papers
from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians,
institutional leaders, managers and policy makers that contribute
to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a
variety of methodologies, domains and productive sectors. This
volume includes papers addressing the following topics: Healthcare
Ergonomics, Health and Safety, Musculoskeletal Disorders, HF/E
Contribution to cope with Covid-19.
This fifth volume in the book series on Nuclear Non-Proliferation
in International Law focuses on various legal aspects regarding
nuclear security and nuclear deterrence. The series on Nuclear
Non-Proliferation in International Law provides scholarly research
articles with critical commentaries on relevant treaty law, best
practice and legal developments, thus offering an academic analysis
and information on practical legal and diplomatic developments both
globally and regionally. It sets a basis for further constructive
discourse at both national and international levels. Jonathan L.
Black-Branch is Dean of Law and Professor of International and
Comparative Law at the University of Manitoba in Canada; a Bencher
of the Law Society of Manitoba; JP and Barrister (England &
Wales); Barrister & Solicitor (Manitoba); and Chair of the
International Law Association (ILA) Committee on Nuclear Weapons,
Non-Proliferation & Contemporary International Law. Dieter
Fleck is Former Director International Agreements & Policy,
Federal Ministry of Defence, Germany; Member of the Advisory Board
of the Amsterdam Center for International Law (ACIL); and
Rapporteur of the International Law Association (ILA) Committee on
Nuclear Weapons, Non-Proliferation & Contemporary International
Law.
This third volume of the book series on Nuclear Non-Proliferation
in International Law focuses on the development and use of nuclear
energy for peaceful purposes within a contemporary global context,
an interdependent characteristic of the Non-Proliferation Treaty
along with disarmament and non-proliferation. The scholarly
contributions in this volume explore this interrelationship,
considering the role of nation States as well as international
organizations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
in monitoring and implementing the Treaty. The 2015 Nuclear Accord
with Iran and its implementation is also discussed, highlighting
relevant developments in this evolving area. Overall, the volume
explores relevant issues, ultimately presenting a number of
suggestions for international cooperation in this sensitive field
where political discussion often dominates over legal analysis. The
important tasks of limiting the proliferation of nuclear weapons,
ensuring the safety and security of peaceful uses of nuclear
energy, and achieving nuclear disarmament under strict and
effective international control, calls for the interpretation and
application of international legal principles and rules in their
relevant context, a task that this book series endeavours to
facilitate whilst presenting new information and evaluating current
developments in this area of international law. Jonathan L.
Black-Branch is Dean of Law and Professor of International and
Comparative Law at Robson Hall, Faculty of Law, University of
Manitoba; a Barrister at One Garden Court, London; a Magistrate in
Oxfordshire; a Justice of the Peace for England & Wales; a
Member of Wolfson College, University of Oxford; and Chair of the
International Law Association (ILA) Committee on Nuclear Weapons,
Non-Proliferation & Contemporary International Law. Dieter
Fleck is Former Director International Agreements & Policy,
Federal Ministry of Defence, Germany; Member of the Advisory Board
of the Amsterdam Center for International Law (ACIL); and
Rapporteur of the International Law Association (ILA) Committee on
Nuclear Weapons, Non-Proliferation & Contemporary International
Law.
This second Volume in the book Series on Nuclear Non-Proliferation
in International Law discusses the legal interpretation and
implementation of verification and compliance with the Treaty of
the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, 1968; the Comprehensive
Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty, 1996; and the Treaty establishing the
European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), 1957. It specifically
examines the question, contested in recent academic writings,
whether the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is competent
to verify not only the correctness, but also the completeness of
national declarations. Topical legal issues of verification and its
technical and political limits as well as peaceful settlement of
disputes and countermeasures are discussed in-depth. The Series on
Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law provides scholarly
research articles with critical commentaries on relevant treaty
law, best practice and legal developments, thus offering an
academic analysis and information on practical legal and diplomatic
developments both globally and regionally. It sets a basis for a
further constructive discourse on the topic at both national and
international levels. A Third Volume, to be published in Autumn
2016, will focus on legal issues of safety and security of the use
of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Jonathan L. Black-Branch
is Professor of International Law, Royal Holloway University of
London; a Member of Wolfson College, Oxford; Chairman of the
International Law Association (ILA) Committee on Nuclear Weapons,
Non-Proliferation and Contemporary International Law. Dieter Fleck
is Former Director International Agreements & Policy, Federal
Ministry of Defence, Germany; Member of the Advisory Board of the
Amsterdam Center for International Law (ACIL); Honorary President,
International Society for Military Law and the Law of War;
Rapporteur of the ILA Committee on Nuclear Weapons, Non-Prolife
ration and Contemporary International Law.
The volume discusses the legal interpretation and implementation of
the three pillars of the Treaty of the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons, 1968, regarding the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons;
the right to develop research, production and use of nuclear energy
for peaceful purposes; and issues relating to nuclear disarmament.
It examines the status of international law regarding nuclear
capacity, considering competing legal approaches to the development
of nuclear technology, non-proliferation, disarmament and
regulating nuclear weapons within a contemporary international
context.
In recent times, international society has countered a myriad of
'outlaw' threats at sea, including piracy, terrorism, the
proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and the threat
posed by 'rogue states'. Whilst the US has promoted 'coalitions of
the willing' and sought to transform international maritime law in
response to these 'outlaws', Japanese governments have developed an
innovative maritime security strategy centering on the Japan Coast
Guard (JCG). Concerned by Japan's international image as a former
imperialist power, Tokyo has relied upon the identity of the JCG as
a law enforcement and rescue organization to garner support for its
maritime security strategy. Japan's non-military efforts have
developed the capacities of states and built institutions in the
Southeast Asian region and beyond. The JCG's response to maritime
'outlaws' belies characterizations of Japan as a passive state that
does not contribute to international order.
Since the late 1990s, the Japan Coast Guard (JCG) has countered a
myriad of 'outlaw' threats at sea including piracy, terrorism, the
proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and the threat
posed by 'rogue states'. Japan's innovative strategy has
transformed maritime security governance in Southeast Asia and
beyond.
A history of 1950s and 1960s British political culture, Redefining
British Politics interrogates ideas, movements and identities
bordering social and political change: consumer organisations;
campaigns about TV, morality and culture; Young Conservatism; and
how party politics used media like TV and was represented in
popular culture.
Exploring relationships between politics, the people and social change, this book assesses the fortunes mainly of Labor, but also of the Communist Party and the New Left in postwar Britain. Using concepts like political culture, it looks at the left's articulation of "affluence": consumerism, youth culture, America, TV, advertising and its disappointment at the people under the impact of such changes. It also examines party organization, socialist thinking and the use of new communication techniques like TV, advertising and opinion polling.
This book presents the proceedings of the 21st Congress of the
International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021), held online on
June 13-18, 2021. By highlighting the latest theories and models,
as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by
combining findings from a range of disciplines including
engineering, design, robotics, healthcare, management, computer
science, human biology and behavioral science, it provides
researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely
guide on human factors and ergonomics. It also offers an excellent
source of innovative ideas to stimulate future discussions and
developments aimed at applying knowledge and techniques to optimize
system performance, while at the same time promoting the health,
safety and wellbeing of individuals. The proceedings include papers
from researchers and practitioners, scientists and physicians,
institutional leaders, managers and policy makers that contribute
to constructing the Human Factors and Ergonomics approach across a
variety of methodologies, domains and productive sectors. This
volume includes papers addressing the following topics: Working
with Computer Systems, Human Modelling and Simulation,
Neuroergonomics, Biomechanics, Affective Design, Anthropometry,
Advanced Imaging.
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