This volume showcases important new research on World War II memory, both in the Soviet Union and in Russia today. Through an examination of war remembrance in its various forms—official histories, school textbooks, museums, monuments, literature, films, and Victory Day parades—chapters illustrate how the heroic narrative of the war was established in Soviet times and how it continues to shape war memorialization under Putin. This war narrative resonates with the Russian population due to decades of Soviet commemoration, which continued virtually uninterrupted into the post-Soviet period. Major themes of the volume include the use of World War II memory for political legitimation and patriotic mobilization; the striking continuities between Soviet and post-Soviet commemorative practices; the place of Holocaust memorialization in contemporary Russia; Putin’s invocation of the war to bolster national pride and international prestige; and the relationship between individual memory and collective remembrance. Authored by an international group of distinguished specialists, this collection is ideal for scholars of Russia across a range of disciplines, including history, political science, sociology, and cultural studies.

This volume showcases important new research on World War II memory, both in the Soviet Union and in Russia today. Through an examination of war remembrance in its various forms-official histories, school textbooks, museums, monuments, literature, films, and Victory Day parades-chapters illustrate how the heroic narrative of the war was established in Soviet times and how it continues to shape war memorialization under Putin. This war narrative resonates with the Russian population due to decades of Soviet commemoration, which continued virtually uninterrupted into the post-Soviet period. Major themes of the volume include the use of World War II memory for political legitimation and patriotic mobilization; the striking continuities between Soviet and post-Soviet commemorative practices; the place of Holocaust memorialization in contemporary Russia; Putin's invocation of the war to bolster national pride and international prestige; and the relationship between individual memory and collective remembrance. Authored by an international group of distinguished specialists, this collection is ideal for scholars of Russia across a range of disciplines, including history, political science, sociology, and cultural studies.

"The Falkland (or Malvinas) Islands-a peaceful haven for land and sea birds and once a profitable paradise for whalers and seal hunters-erupted into the headlines on April 2, 1982. The armed conflict between Britain and Argentina that continued during the following two months was but one more stage in a long-standing struggle over the sovereignty of the islands, a conflict dating back to colonial times. The issues, much discussed, remain unresolved. In this book, the Hoffmanns present the background to the confrontation between Argentina and Britain, as well as an analysis of the present situation. Clarifying the importance of the seemingly insignificant, remote islands in the South Atlantic, over which European nations nearly went to war several times and which Britain wrested from Argentina in the 1830s, the authors trace the history of the dispute, the involvement of the United States, and the impact of the recent war on inter-American relations."

This study centers on the history of the dispute over the Falkland Islands (Las Islas Malvinas), a remote, windswept archipelago in the far reaches of the South Atlantic off the coast of Argentina. They are held by Great Britain and claimed by Argentina. Few people know anything about them, and when the war over them broke out in April 1982, many Britons had to run to a map to see where they were. But not the Argentines, who are taught from the cradle that "las Malvinas son argentinas" (the Malvinas are Argentine).

Placing Stalinism in its international context, David L. Hoffmann presents a new interpretation of Soviet state intervention and violence. Many 'Stalinist' practices - the state-run economy, surveillance, propaganda campaigns, and the use of concentration camps - did not originate with Stalin or even in Russia, but were instead tools of governance that became widespread throughout Europe during the First World War. The Soviet system was formed at this moment of total war, and wartime practices of mobilization and state violence became building blocks of the new political order. Communist Party leaders in turn used these practices ruthlessly to pursue their ideological agenda of economic and social transformation. Synthesizing new research on Stalinist collectivization, industrialization, cultural affairs, gender roles, nationality policies, the Second World War, and the Cold War, Hoffmann provides a succinct account of this pivotal period in world history.

This study was commissioned by the International Energy Agency (lEA) accord- ing to Annex III of the "Implementing Agreement for a Program of Research and Development of Wind Energy Conversion Systems". The working title of the study was: "Integration of Wind Power into National Electricity Supply Sys- tems". Participants: - Federal Republic of Germany (40 070), represented by the Kernforschungsan- lage Jillich GmbH, - Japan (20 070), represented by The Japanese Delegation to DECD, - Netherlands (10 070), represented by The Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland, - Sweden (10070), represented by The National Swedish Board for Energy Source Development, - United States of America (20 070), represented by The Department of Energy. The operating agent was the Kernforschungsanlage Jillich, Projektleitung Energieforschung (Project No. ET 4085 A). The authors wish to thank the temporary co-workers on the project L. Griebl, R. Meyer and H. Renner (programming), J. Boase (preliminary translation of parts of the study), W. Dub and H. Pape made several helpful suggestions for the revision of the preliminary version of the report. The extensive services of E. List!, the project secretary, made a significant contribution to the carrying out of this research project. For providing extensive facilities in the computing centre and project rooms, and for handling the financial side of the project, the authors express their thanks to the University of Regensburg.

The number of bicyclists is increasing in the United States, especially among the working class and people of color. In contrast to the demographics of bicyclists in the United States, advocacy for bicycling has focused mainly on the interests of white upwardly mobile bicyclists, leading to neighborhood conflicts and accusations of racist planning. In Bike Lanes Are White Lanes scholar Melody L. Hoffmann argues that the bicycle has varied cultural meaning as a "rolling signifier." That is, the bicycle's meaning changes in different spaces, with different people, and in different cultures. The rolling signification of the bicycle contributes to building community, influences gentrifying urban planning, and upholds systemic race and class barriers. In this study of three prominent U.S. cities-Milwaukee, Portland, and Minneapolis-Hoffmann examines how the burgeoning popularity of urban bicycling is trailed by systemic issues of racism, classism, and displacement. From a pro-cycling perspective, Bike Lanes Are White Lanes highlights many problematic aspects of urban bicycling culture and its advocacy as well as positive examples of people trying earnestly to bring their community together through bicycling.

Under Stalin's leadership, the Soviet government carried out a massive number of deportations, incarcerations, and executions. Paradoxically, at the very moment that Soviet authorities were killing thousands of individuals, they were also engaged in an enormous pronatalist campaign to boost the population. Even as the number of repressions grew exponentially, Communist Party leaders enacted sweeping social welfare and public health measures to safeguard people's well-being. Extensive state surveillance of the population went hand in hand with literacy campaigns, political education, and efforts to instill in people an appreciation of high culture.

In Cultivating the Masses, David L. Hoffmann examines the Party leadership's pursuit of these seemingly contradictory policies in order to grasp fully the character of the Stalinist regime, a regime intent on transforming the socioeconomic order and the very nature of its citizens. To analyze Soviet social policies, Hoffmann places them in an international comparative context. He explains Soviet technologies of social intervention as one particular constellation of modern state practices. These practices developed in conjunction with the ambitions of nineteenth-century European reformers to refashion society, and they subsequently prompted welfare programs, public health initiatives, and reproductive regulations in countries around the world.

The mobilizational demands of World War I impelled political leaders to expand even further their efforts at population management, via economic controls, surveillance, propaganda, and state violence. Born at this moment of total war, the Soviet system institutionalized these wartime methods as permanent features of governance. Party leaders, whose dictatorship included no checks on state power, in turn attached interventionist practices to their ideological goal of building socialism.

Schmerz gehort zu den haufigsten Ursachen, die den Patienten zum Arzt fuhren. Eine adaquate Schmerztherapie sollte nicht nur den wenigen Schmerzzentren vorbehalten bleiben. Es ist zu fordern, dass die neuen Erkenntnisse und Therapiekonzepte, speziell fur die Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen, auch in der taglichen Praxis aller Fachgebiete umgesetzt werden. Die Symposiumsbeitrage geben eine aus dem theoretischen Wissen und der klinischen Erfahrung erwachsene Synopsis aktueller Aspekte einer adaquaten Schmerztherapie. Das Buch wendet sich an alle Fachgebiete der Medizin, die mit den Fragen der Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen konfrontiert werden.

Schon seit Jahrtausenden und bis zu Beginn dieses Jahrhunderts wur de die kinetische Energie des Windes durch Windmuhlen in mechani sche Energie umgewandelt. Dann lieBen Dampfkraft und Dieselmo toren Windmuhlen vorubergehend als uberflussig erscheinen. Ende der 70er Jahre wurde die Windenergie weltweit wieder entdeckt. Eine Reihe von Uindern hat mittlerweile umfangreiche Forschungs-, Entwicklungs- und MarkteinfUhrungsprogramme fUr Windkraftwer ke beschlossen. So will die amerikanische Regierung von 1980 bis 1986 fiber eine Milliarde Dollar fUr Forschung, Entwicklung und vor allen Dingen fUr die Markteinfuhrung von Windkraftwerken ausge ben, ein etwa ebenso groBer Betrag wird aus privaten Investitionsmit teln bereitgestellt. 1m Rahmen dieses Programms wird 1981 ein Windkraftanlagenpark mit etwa 10 MW installierter Leistung fertig gestellt, bis 1986 sollen mindestens 500 MW Windkraftwerksleistung installiert werden. In Hawaii wurde Ende 1980 der Bau von Wind kraftanlagen mit einer installierten Leistung von insgesamt 80 Me gawatt ausgeschrieben. Ein kalifornisches Energieversorgungsunter nehmen legte 1980 als eines der ersten amerikanischen Energieversor gungsunternehmen detaillierte Planungen fUr die Installation von ei nigen 100 Megawatt Windkraftwerksleistung vor und beurteilte die technischen und wirtschaftlichen MOglichkeiten einer Umwandlung von Windenergie in elektrische Energie als sehr positiv. Ein entspre chender Vorschlag, der das Ergebnis einer von mir an der Stanford University, Kalifornien, durchgefUhrten Studie fiber MOglichkeiten der Windenergienutzung in Kalifornien war, wurde vom gleichen Unternehmen als technisch nicht machbar und wirtschaftlich nicht sinnvoll noch 1976 nachhaltig abgelehnt."

Humans have a trait that distinguishes us from all other species: the ability to use fire. We turn on a switch and light comes into our homes. With the turn of a key, vehicles take us where we want to go. We adjust a thermostat in our homes to make us warm or cool. These are everyday events we hardly think about. It took centuries of vision, science and engineering to achieve this comfort-point in our long evolutionary journey. Today, an average person lives better than kings lived several centuries ago. As we revealed the facts behind global warming in our last book, The Resilient Earth, we take the same tack in out latest work, The Energy Gap. In its pages, we present the hard science and engineering that will close a looming energy gap for our country and the world. There is also a warning. If we chose the political route, the activist route, the human race will slide backwards for the first time since the Industrial Revolution. If we choose the correct path, as revealed in The Energy Gap, our species will continue its forward march towards a brighter future for all on Earth

The number of bicyclists is increasing in the United States, especially among the working class and people of color. In contrast to the demographics of bicyclists in the United States, advocacy for bicycling has focused mainly on the interests of white upwardly mobile bicyclists, leading to neighborhood conflicts and accusations of racist planning. In Bike Lanes Are White Lanes scholar Melody L. Hoffmann argues that the bicycle has varied cultural meaning as a “rolling signifier.� That is, the bicycle’s meaning changes in different spaces, with different people, and in different cultures. The rolling signification of the bicycle contributes to building community, influences gentrifying urban planning, and upholds systemic race and class barriers. In this study of three prominent U.S. cities—Milwaukee, Portland, and Minneapolis—Hoffmann examines how the burgeoning popularity of urban bicycling is trailed by systemic issues of racism, classism, and displacement. From a pro-cycling perspective, Bike Lanes Are White Lanes highlights many problematic aspects of urban bicycling culture and its advocacy as well as positive examples of people trying earnestly to bring their community together through bicycling.     

Under Stalin's leadership, the Soviet government carried out a massive number of deportations, incarcerations, and executions. Paradoxically, at the very moment that Soviet authorities were killing thousands of individuals, they were also engaged in an enormous pronatalist campaign to boost the population. Even as the number of repressions grew exponentially, Communist Party leaders enacted sweeping social welfare and public health measures to safeguard people's well-being. Extensive state surveillance of the population went hand in hand with literacy campaigns, political education, and efforts to instill in people an appreciation of high culture.

In Cultivating the Masses, David L. Hoffmann examines the Party leadership's pursuit of these seemingly contradictory policies in order to grasp fully the character of the Stalinist regime, a regime intent on transforming the socioeconomic order and the very nature of its citizens. To analyze Soviet social policies, Hoffmann places them in an international comparative context. He explains Soviet technologies of social intervention as one particular constellation of modern state practices. These practices developed in conjunction with the ambitions of nineteenth-century European reformers to refashion society, and they subsequently prompted welfare programs, public health initiatives, and reproductive regulations in countries around the world.

The mobilizational demands of World War I impelled political leaders to expand even further their efforts at population management, via economic controls, surveillance, propaganda, and state violence. Born at this moment of total war, the Soviet system institutionalized these wartime methods as permanent features of governance. Party leaders, whose dictatorship included no checks on state power, in turn attached interventionist practices to their ideological goal of building socialism.

Placing Stalinism in its international context, David L. Hoffmann presents a new interpretation of Soviet state intervention and violence. Many 'Stalinist' practices - the state-run economy, surveillance, propaganda campaigns, and the use of concentration camps - did not originate with Stalin or even in Russia, but were instead tools of governance that became widespread throughout Europe during the First World War. The Soviet system was formed at this moment of total war, and wartime practices of mobilization and state violence became building blocks of the new political order. Communist Party leaders in turn used these practices ruthlessly to pursue their ideological agenda of economic and social transformation. Synthesizing new research on Stalinist collectivization, industrialization, cultural affairs, gender roles, nationality policies, the Second World War, and the Cold War, Hoffmann provides a succinct account of this pivotal period in world history.

During the 1930's, 23 million peasants left their villages and moved to Soviet cities, where they comprised almost half the urban population and more than half the nation's industrial workers. Drawing on previously inaccessible archival materials, David L. Hoffmann shows how this massive migration to the cities an influx unprecedented in world history had major consequences for the nature of the Soviet system and the character of Russian society even today.Hoffmann focuses on events in Moscow between the launching of the industrialization drive in 1929 and the outbreak of war in 1941. He reconstructs the attempts of Party leaders to reshape the social identity and behavior of the millions of newly urbanized workers, who appeared to offer a broad base of support for the socialist regime. The former peasants, however, had brought with them their own forms of cultural expression, social organization, work habits, and attitudes toward authority. Hoffmann demonstrates that Moscow's new inhabitants established social identities and understandings of the world very different from those prescribed by Soviet authorities. Their refusal to conform to the authorities' model of a loyal proletariat thwarted Party efforts to construct a social and political order consistent with Bolshevik ideology. The conservative and coercive policies that Party leaders adopted in response, he argues, contributed to the Soviet Union's emergence as an authoritarian welfare state."

Soviet official culture underwent a dramatic shift in the mid-1930s, when Stalin and his fellow leaders began to promote conventional norms, patriarchal families, tsarist heroes and Russian literary classics. For Leon Trotsky - and many later commentators - this apparent embrace of bourgeois values marked a betrayal of the October Revolution and a retreat from socialism. David L. Hoffmann argues that, far from reversing direction, the Stalinist leadership remained committed to remaking both individuals and society - and used selected elements of traditional culture to bolster the socialist order.

Soviet official culture underwent a dramatic shift in the mid-1930s, when Stalin and his fellow leaders began to promote conventional norms, patriarchal families, tsarist heroes, and Russian literary classics. For Leon Trotsky and many later commentators this apparent embrace of bourgeois values marked a betrayal of the October Revolution and a retreat from socialism. In the first book to address these developments fully, David L. Hoffmann argues that, far from reversing direction, the Stalinist leadership remained committed to remaking both individuals and society and used selected elements of traditional culture to bolster the socialist order. Melding original archival research with new scholarship in the field, Hoffmann describes Soviet cultural and behavioral norms in such areas as leisure activities, social hygiene, family life, and sexuality. He demonstrates that the Soviet state's campaign to effect social improvement by intervening in the lives of its citizens was not unique but echoed the efforts of other European governments, both fascist and liberal, in the interwar period. Indeed, in Europe, America, and Stalin's Russia, governments sought to inculcate many of the same values from order and efficiency to sobriety and literacy. For Hoffmann, what remains distinctive about the Soviet case is the collectivist orientation of official culture and the degree of coercion the state applied to pursue its goals."

Professor Hoffmann von der Tierarztlichen Hochschule Stuttgart legt hier ein umfassendes Kompendium zum Thema Hund vor. Von den archaologischen Erkenntnissen und historischen Berichten uber Hunde, uber ihre Abstammung, uber Eigenschaften, zuchterische Grundsatze und Probleme der Zucht, Aufzucht und Dressur berichtet der erste Teil des Buches. Im zweiten Teil stellt der Autor alle wichtigen Rassen, auch aussereuropaische, vor und geht auf die Themen Hundeausstellung, Pramierung, Verkauf und Handel ein. Der dritte Teil widmet sich Hundekrankheiten und ihrer Heilung. Mit zahlreichen Abbildungen. Nachdruck der Originalausgabe aus dem Jahr 1901