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3 In 1992 the annual world production of plastics reached 102 x
1()6m at a value of 3 over US$300 billion, while that of steel was
50 x1()6m ata value ofUS$l25 billion (Table 1. 1). Furthermore,
from 1980 to 1990, plastics production increased by 62%, while
thatofsteeldecreasedby 21%. Considering theunevenpolymerconsumption
around theworld,polymerproductionwillhave toincreasebya factor
often before currently recorded levels ofplastics sales in
developed countries willbe universally reached. Polymers are the
fastest growing structural materials. In addition, the polymer
blend segment of the plastics industry increases at a rate about
three times higher than thewhole. The aim of thisbook is to trace
the historicalevolution of the polymer blends industry. Table 1. 1
World production of steel and plastics for 1992 Production Steel
Plastics 410 102* Production volume (Mt/year) 3 Production volume
(M(m )/year) 51 102 Production value (billion US$/year) 125 310
Growth from 1980to 1990 (%) -21 -1;62 ,. 121 Mt/year in 1996 A
polymer (from the Greek poly = manyand meros = units) is a
substancecomposed ofmacromoleculesbuiltby
covalentlyjoiningatleast50 molecular segments, called mel'S. The
word polymer was introduced in 1832 by Jons Jacob Berzelius for
sub- stances
thatmayhaveidenticalchemicalcompositionbutdifferinmolecularweight
(e. g. , acetylene, benzene and styrene, having the formula CnH
with n == 2,6and 8, n respectively). During the years 1859-1863,
Louren~o reported that condensation of ethylene glycol with
ethylene dibromide resulted in a mixture of ethers, whose members,
separated by distillation, were identified as HD-(C2l4D-)n-H with n
== 2 to 6 (Stahl, 1981).
Polymers, main components of plastics and rubbers, are being
discarded in increasing quantities. But this waste can also be
considered as plastic gold'. Public concern, coupled with the
inherent value of the material, means that recycling is imperative.
The present book presents a survey of current knowledge in the form
of case studies, including current legal and educational issues.
Topics covered also include regulation and practice in NATO
countries, the economics of recycling, the reprocessing of single
polymers and mixtures, and future prospects and strategies.
Audience: Vital reading for all polymer scientists, technicians and
engineers.
Polymers, main components of plastics and rubbers, are being
discarded in increasing quantities. But this waste can also be
considered as plastic gold'. Public concern, coupled with the
inherent value of the material, means that recycling is imperative.
The present book presents a survey of current knowledge in the form
of case studies, including current legal and educational issues.
Topics covered also include regulation and practice in NATO
countries, the economics of recycling, the reprocessing of single
polymers and mixtures, and future prospects and strategies.
Audience: Vital reading for all polymer scientists, technicians and
engineers.
3 In 1992 the annual world production of plastics reached 102 x
1()6m at a value of 3 over US$300 billion, while that of steel was
50 x1()6m ata value ofUS$l25 billion (Table 1. 1). Furthermore,
from 1980 to 1990, plastics production increased by 62%, while
thatofsteeldecreasedby 21%. Considering theunevenpolymerconsumption
around theworld, polymerproductionwillhave toincreasebya factor
often before currently recorded levels ofplastics sales in
developed countries willbe universally reached. Polymers are the
fastest growing structural materials. In addition, the polymer
blend segment of the plastics industry increases at a rate about
three times higher than thewhole. The aim of thisbook is to trace
the historicalevolution of the polymer blends industry. Table 1. 1
World production of steel and plastics for 1992 Production Steel
Plastics 410 102. Production volume (Mt/year) 3 Production volume
(M(m )/year) 51 102 Production value (billion US$/year) 125 310
Growth from 1980to 1990 (%) -21 -1;62, . 121 Mt/year in 1996 A
polymer (from the Greek poly = manyand meros = units) is a
substancecomposed ofmacromoleculesbuiltby
covalentlyjoiningatleast50 molecular segments, called mel'S. The
word polymer was introduced in 1832 by Jons Jacob Berzelius for sub
stances
thatmayhaveidenticalchemicalcompositionbutdifferinmolecularweight
(e. g., acetylene, benzene and styrene, having the formula CnH with
n == 2,6and 8, n respectively). During the years 1859-1863, Louren
o reported that condensation of ethylene glycol with ethylene
dibromide resulted in a mixture of ethers, whose members, separated
by distillation, were identified as HD-(C2l4D-)n-H with n == 2 to 6
(Stahl, 1981)."
Providing a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art advanced
research in the field, "Polymer Physics" explores the
interrelationships among polymer structure, morphology, and
physical and mechanical behavior. Featuring contributions from
renowned experts, the book covers the basics of important areas in
polymer physics while projecting into the future, making it a
valuable resource for students and chemists, chemical engineers,
materials scientists, and polymer scientists as well as
professionals in related industries.
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