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Initially a subfield of solid state physics, the study of
mesoscopic systems has evolved over the years into a vast field of
research in its own right. Keeping track its rapid progress, this
book provides a broad survey of the latest developments in the
field. The focus is on statistics and dynamics of mesoscopic
systems with special emphasis on topics like quantum chaos,
localization, noise and fluctuations, mesoscopic optics and quantum
transport in nanostructures. Written with nonspecialists in mind,
this book will also be useful to graduate students wishing to
familiarize themselves with this field of research.
Polymers are substances made of macromolecules formed by thousands
of atoms organized in one (homopolymers) or more (copolymers)
groups that repeat themselves to form linear or branched chains, or
lattice structures. The concept of polymer traces back to the years
1920's and is one of the most significant ideas of last century. It
has given great impulse to indus try but also to fundamental
research, including life sciences. Macromolecules are made of sm
all molecules known as monomers. The process that brings monomers
into polymers is known as polymerization. A fundamental contri
bution to the industrial production of polymers, particularly
polypropylene and polyethylene, is due to the Nobel prize winners
Giulio Natta and Karl Ziegler. The ideas of Ziegler and Natta date
back to 1954, and the process has been improved continuously over
the years, particularly concerning the design and shaping of the
catalysts. Chapter 1 (due to A. Fasano ) is devoted to a review of
some results concerning the modelling of the Ziegler- Natta
polymerization. The specific ex am pie is the production of
polypropilene. The process is extremely complex and all studies
with relevant mathematical contents are fairly recent, and several
problems are still open.
A rich variety of real-life physical problems which are still
poorly understood are of a nonlinear nature. Examples include
turbulence, granular flows, detonations and flame propagation,
fracture dynamics, and a wealth of new biological and chemical
phenomena which are being discovered. Particularly interesting
among the manifestations of nonlinearity are coherent structures.
This book contains reviews and contributions reporting on the state
of the art regarding the role of coherent structures and patterns
in nonlinear science.
The polymer industry raises a large number of relevant mathematical problems with respect to the quality of manufactured polymer parts. These include in particular questions about: - the production of the polymeric material from a monomer (based on the Ziegler-Natta catalytic process) - the crystallization kinetic of the polymer melt - the coupling of the crystallization process with the fluid dynamics of the manufacturing process such as extrusion, injection moulding of film blowing, etc.This book provides the first unified presentation of the mathematical modelling of polymerization, crystallization and extrusion of polymer melts, by means of advanced methods, presented in an accessible way for applied scientists and engineers. The present volume is the result of a long-term cooperation between different research teams in Europe within the ECMI Special Interest Group on "Polymers".
A rich variety of real-life physical problems which are still
poorly understood are of a nonlinear nature. Examples include
turbulence, granular flows, detonations and flame propagation,
fracture dynamics, and a wealth of new biological and chemical
phenomena which are being discovered. Particularly interesting
among the manifestations of nonlinearity are coherent structures.
This book contains reviews and contributions reporting on the state
of the art regarding the role of coherent structures and patterns
in nonlinear science.
Initially a subfield of solid state physics, the study of
mesoscopic systems has evolved over the years into a vast field of
research in its own right. Keeping track its rapid progress, this
book provides a broad survey of the latest developments in the
field. The focus is on statistics and dynamics of mesoscopic
systems with special emphasis on topics like quantum chaos,
localization, noise and fluctuations, mesoscopic optics and quantum
transport in nanostructures. Written with nonspecialists in mind,
this book will also be useful to graduate students wishing to
familiarize themselves with this field of research.
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