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A number of major blockades, including the Continental System in
the Napoleonic Wars, the War of 1812, the American Civil War, and
World Wars I and II, in addition to the increased use of peacetime
blockades and sanctions with the hope of avoiding war, are examined
in this book. The impact of technology and organizational changes
on the nature of blockades and their effectiveness as military
measures are discussed. Legal, economic, and political questions
are explored to understand the various constraints upon belligerent
behavior. The analysis draw upon the extensive amount of
quantitative material available from military publications.
This study examines the impact of British capital flows on the
evolution of capital markets in four countries - Argentina,
Australia, Canada, and the United States - over the years 1870 to
1914. In substantive chapters on each country it offers parallel
histories of the evolution of their financial infrastructures -
commercial banks, non-bank intermediaries, primary security
markets, formal secondary security markets, and the institutions
that provide the international financial links connecting the
frontier country with the British capital market. At one level, the
work constitutes a quantitative history of the development of the
capital markets of five countries in the late nineteenth century.
At a second level, it provides the basis for a useable taxonomy for
the study of institutional invention and innovation. At a third, it
suggests some lessons from the past about modern policy issues.
This book examines the economic impact and the political economy of foreign investment in the United States and of American investment abroad. It provides quantitative estimates and qualitative descriptions of the sources and uses of those funds and, in the process, an analysis of the symbiotic relationship between the New York and London stock exchanges and of the evolution of the American domestic capital market. Finally, it explores the domestic political response to foreign investment in Latin America, in Canada, and in the United States.
This study examines the impact of British capital flows on the evolution of capital markets in four countries--Argentina, Australia, Canada, and the United States--over the years 1865 to 1914. In substantive chapters on each of the countries it offers parallel histories of the evolution of their financial infrastructures--commercial banks, nonbank intermediaries, primary security markets, formal secondary security markets, and the institutions that provide the international financial links connecting the frontier country with the British capital market.
This work is a study of the capital transfers to the United States
in the 19th and 20th centuries and, for the latter decades of that
period, of the transfers from the United States to the rest of the
world, particularly Canada, the Caribbean, Mexico and Central and
South America. It provides a quantitative estimate of the level and
industrial composition of those transfers, and qualitative
descriptions of the sources and uses of those funds; and it
attempts to assess the role of those foreign transfers on the
economic development of the recipient economies. In the process, it
describes the evolution of the American domestic capital market.
Finally, the book explores the issue of domestic political response
to foreign investment, attempting to explain why, given the obvious
benefits of such investment, the political reaction was so negative
and so intense in Latin America and in the American West, but so
positive in Canada and the eastern United States.
Historians have so far made few attempts to assess directly the
costs and benefits of Britain's investment in empire. This book
presents answers to some of the key questions about the economics
of imperialism: how large was the flow of finance to the empire?
How great were the profits on empire investment? What were the
social costs of maintaining the empire? Who received the profits,
and who bore the costs? The authors show that colonial finance did
not dominate British capital markets; returns from empire
investment were not high in comparison to earnings in the domestic
and foreign sectors; there is no evidence of continued exploitative
profits; and empire profits were earned at a substantial cost to
the taxpayer. They depict British imperialism as a mechanism to
effect an income transfer from the tax-paying middle class to the
elites in which the ownership of imperial enterprise was heavily
concentrated, with some slight net transfer to the colonies in the
process.
Historians have so far made few attempts to assess directly the
costs and benefits of Britain's investment in empire. This book
presents answers to some of the key questions about the economics
of imperialism: how large was the flow of finance to the empire?
How great were the profits on empire investment? What were the
social costs of maintaining the empire? Who received the profits,
and who bore the costs? The authors show that colonial finance did
not dominate British capital markets; returns from empire
investment were not high in comparison to earnings in the domestic
and foreign sectors; there is no evidence of continued exploitative
profits; and empire profits were earned at a substantial cost to
the taxpayer. They depict British imperialism as a mechanism to
effect an income transfer from the tax-paying middle class to the
elites in which the ownership of imperial enterprise was heavily
concentrated, with some slight net transfer to the colonies in the
process.
A number of major blockades, including the Continental System in
the Napoleonic Wars, the War of 1812, the American Civil War, and
World Wars I and II, in addition to the increased use of peacetime
blockades and sanctions with the hope of avoiding war, are examined
in this book. The impact of new technology and organizational
changes on the nature of blockades and their effectiveness as
military measures are discussed. Legal, economic, and political
questions are explored to understand the various constraints upon
belligerent behavior. The analysis draw upon the extensive amount
of quantitative material available from military publications.
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