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The size of government is arguably the most controversial
discussion in United States politics, and this issue won't fade
from prominence any time soon. There must surely be a tipping point
beyond which more government taxing and spending harms the economy,
but where is that point? In this accessible book, best-selling
authors Jeff Madrick, Jon Bakija, Lane Kenworthy, and Peter Lindert
try to answer whether our government can grow any larger and
examine how we can optimize growth and fair distribution.
Interest in democratic socialism is on the rise, but this
wide-ranging comparison of two systems shows that the Nordic model
of capitalism achieves virtually everything that contemporary
democratic socialists say we should want. Socialism is back in the
conversation, and recent polls suggest the share of young Americans
who have a favorable impression of socialism is about the same as
the share that have a favorable view of capitalism. The case for a
modern democratic socialism is that capitalism is bad, or at least
not very good, and that socialism would be an improvement. To fully
and fairly assess democratic socialism's desirability, Lane
Kenworthy argues in Would Democratic Socialism Be Better?, we need
to compare it to the best version of capitalism that humans have
devised: social democratic capitalism. Kenworthy offers a close
look at the evidence about how capitalist economies have performed
on an array of outcomes. He finds that social democratic capitalism
achieves virtually everything that contemporary democratic
socialists say we should want.
What configuration of institutions and policies is most conducive
to human flourishing? The historical and comparative evidence
suggests that the answer is social democratic capitalism - a
democratic political system, a capitalist economy, good elementary
and secondary schooling, a big welfare state, pro-employment public
services, and moderate regulation of product and labor markets. In
Social Democratic Capitalism, Lane Kenworthy shows that this system
improves living standards for the least well-off, enhances economic
security, and boosts equality of opportunity. And it does so
without sacrificing other things we want in a good society, from
liberty to economic growth to health and happiness. Its chief
practitioners have been the Nordic nations. The Nordics have gone
farther than other rich democratic countries in coupling a big
welfare state with public services that promote high employment and
modest product- and labor-market regulations. Many believe this
system isn't transferable beyond Scandinavia, but Kenworthy shows
that social democratic capitalism and its successes can be
replicated in other affluent nations, including the United States.
Today, the U.S. lags behind other countries in economic security,
opportunity, and shared prosperity. If the U.S. were to expand its
existing social programs and add some additional ones, many
ordinary Americans would have better lives. Kenworthy argues that,
despite formidable political obstacles, the U.S. is likely to move
toward social democratic capitalism in coming decades. As a country
gets richer, he explains, it becomes more willing to spend more in
order to safeguard against risk and enhance fairness. With social
democratic capitalism as his blueprint, he lays out a detailed
policy agenda that could alleviate many of America's problems.
America is the one of the wealthiest nations on earth. So why do so
many Americans struggle to make ends meet? Why is it so difficult
for those who start at the bottom to reach the middle class? And
why, if a rising economic tide lifts all boats, have middle-class
incomes been growing so slowly? Social Democratic America explains
how this has happened and how we can do better. Lane Kenworthy
convincingly argues that we can improve economic security, expand
opportunity, and ensure rising living standards for all by moving
toward social democracy. Drawing on his extensive knowledge of
social policy in America and other affluent countries, he proposes
a set of public social programs, including universal early
education, an expanded Earned Income Tax Credit, wage insurance,
the government as employer of last resort, and many others.
Kenworthy looks at common objections to social democracy, such as
the oft-repeated claim that Americans don't want big government,
which he readily debunks. Indeed, we already have in place a host
of effective and popular social programs, from Social Security to
Medicare to public schooling. Moreover, the available evidence
suggests that rich nations can generate the tax revenues needed to
pay for generous social programs while maintaining an innovative
and growing economy, and without restricting liberty. Can it
happen? Kenworthy describes how the US has been progressing slowly
but steadily toward a genuine social democracy for nearly a
century. Controversial and powerful, Social Democratic America
shows that the good society doesn't require a radical break from
our past; we just need to continue in the direction we are already
heading.
For decades, scholars and commentators have differentiated the US
from Europe by pointing to the relative weakness of the American
social welfare state. European social democracies-particularly the
Nordic ones-have erected broad and deep social insurance systems to
buffer the effects of the capitalist marketplace, and as
consequence virtually all citizens have access to housing, health
care, and transfer payments that alleviate the effects of
unemployment/underemployment. In combination, these policies have
made Northern European societies among the most comfortable and
egalitarian in human history. In contrast, conventional wisdom
holds that America's patchwork welfare state, which only grudgingly
redistributes income to the least wealthy, is miserly in
comparison, more wedded to free market individualism than social
solidarity. In Social Democratic America, the eminent scholar Lane
Kenworthy has crafted the most definitive rejoinder yet to
champions of American exceptionalism. He shows that in fact, the US
is well along the path toward becoming a social democratic society.
Certainly, it has moved in fits and starts, and our nation's
peculiar federal structure has generated a number of cumbersome
solutions for delivering social insurance. But over time it has
delivered, and for every step backward, policymakers have crafted
and passed policies that have moved the nation two steps forward
toward social democracy. Built in bits and pieces, the modern US
welfare state, while still less encompassing than European
counterparts, is not only massive but expanding its reach. The
evidence, which has accumulated over three quarters of a century,
is now overwhelming: Social Security, national unemployment
insurance, AFDC (later replaced by TANF), Medicare and Medicaid,
the Earned Income Tax Credit, and-most recently-the Affordable Care
Act (Obamacare). What's more, almost every conservative effort to
undo these programs has failed ignominiously. Along with tracing
the evolution of the American social welfare state, Kenworthy
stresses throughout that America is bending ever further toward a
social democratic path. This is a difficult argument to make for
two reasons. First, Americans are deeply invested in the idea of
American exceptionalism, Second, Republican policy successes in the
1980s and 2000s reinforced the notion that America is at base a
center-right nation, inhospitable to European-style social
insurance schemes. The combination of Obama's first-term
legislative successes and his recent re-election has caused
observers to think twice about these arguments, but Kenworthy shows
that this is only the tip of the iceberg. Drawing from his
unparalleled knowledge of social policy in the advanced industrial
world, he shows how the US has been (and continues to be)
progressing slowly but steadily toward a clear endpoint: genuine
social democracy. Social Democratic America will attract a great
deal of criticism, but even the most incorrigible doubters will
have to take stock of his powerful and well-substantiated thesis.
Recent work in comparative political economy has generated a host
of alternative explanations for variation in national economic
performance--institutional sclerosis, flexible specialization,
governance relations, etc. In each case, these explanations have
trouble accounting for more than a handful of instances. In Search
of National Economic Success uses detailed case studies with
statistical analysis to comparatively assess the "market liberal"
belief in free markets, limited government, and the tradeoff
between economic efficiency and social justice. Lane Kenworthy
argues that the key to economic success lies in combining
competition with cooperation. Among advanced industrialized
nations, the countries achieving the best economic performance
results over the past three decades have been the most committed to
combining competition and cooperation. Those faring the worst rely
predominantly on atomistic, individualistic competition. In the
end, the comparative record strongly supports a focus on
cooperation-inducing institutions. This volume will prove
invaluable to scholars and students in comparative politics,
international political economy, and comparative economics. "[This
volume] presents an alternative explanation of the cross-national
variation in performance, arguing that national economic success
lies in combining competition with cooperation." --Journal of
Economic Literature
Recent work in comparative political economy has generated a host
of alternative explanations for variation in national economic
performance--institutional sclerosis, flexible specialization,
governance relations, etc. In each case, these explanations have
trouble accounting for more than a handful of instances. In Search
of National Economic Success uses detailed case studies with
statistical analysis to comparatively assess the "market liberal"
belief in free markets, limited government, and the tradeoff
between economic efficiency and social justice. Lane Kenworthy
argues that the key to economic success lies in combining
competition with cooperation. Among advanced industrialized
nations, the countries achieving the best economic performance
results over the past three decades have been the most committed to
combining competition and cooperation. Those faring the worst rely
predominantly on atomistic, individualistic competition. In the
end, the comparative record strongly supports a focus on
cooperation-inducing institutions. This volume will prove
invaluable to scholars and students in comparative politics,
international political economy, and comparative economics. "[This
volume] presents an alternative explanation of the cross-national
variation in performance, arguing that national economic success
lies in combining competition with cooperation." --Journal of
Economic Literature
One of the principal goals of antipoverty efforts should be to
improve the absolute living standards of the least well-off.
Progress for the Poor aims to enhance our understanding of how to
do that, drawing on the experiences of twenty affluent countries
since the 1970s.
The book addresses a set of questions at the heart of political
economy and public policy: How much does economic growth help the
poor? When and why does growth fail to trickle down? How can social
policy help? Can a country have a sizeable low-wage sector yet few
poor households? Are universal programs better than targeted ones?
What role can public services play in antipoverty efforts? What is
the best tax mix? Is more social spending better for the poor? If
we commit to improvement in the absolute living standards of the
least well-off, must we sacrifice other desirable outcomes?
Declining participation in labor unions, the movement toward a
service-based economy, and increased globalization have cast doubt
on the extent to which welfare states can continue to stem
inequality in market economies over the long-term. Does the new
economy render existing models of social assistance obsolete? Do
traditional welfare states hamper economic and employment growth,
thereby worsening the plight of the poor? Lane Kenworthy offers a
rigorous empirical analysis of these questions inEgalitarian
Capitalism. The book examines sixteen industrialized countries in
North America, Western Europe, and Scandinavia each with different
approaches to assisting the poor to see how successful each has
been in developing its economy and curbing inequality over the past
twenty years. Egalitarian Capitalism addresses fundamental
questions of national policy with rigorous scholarship and a
clarity that makes it accessible to any reader interested in the
alleged trade-off between social equity and market efficiency. The
book analyzes the viability of traditional welfare regimes and
offers sustainable options that can promote egalitarian societies
without hampering economic progress."
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