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Road pricing (tolls, etc.) as a means of generating revenue for
infrastructure investment has become a major policy option in both
Europe and North America. It can also be used as a policy in the
management of traffic demand and flow, environmental objectives,
and optimal resource allocation as regards the size of investments.
Road pricing is assumed to be able to solve many problems
simultaneously -- congestion control, pollution reduction, and
investment financing. This volume assembles and assesses
theoretical knowledge, empirical results and experiences of actual
road pricing. In addition, the impact of new information technology
on future policy formulation is considered.
This volume is the result of an international collaboration, which
started with a conference at Smadalaro Gfrrd in Sweden. The
workshop was supported by the National Science Foundation of the
USA (INT-9215114) and by the Swedish National Road Administration,
the Swedish Council for Building Research, the Swedish Transport
and Communications Research Board and the Swedish Council for
Planning and Coordination of Research. This support is gratefully
acknow ledged. The collaboration started as a bilateral
u.S.-Swedish endeavour but was soon widened to other scholars in
Europe, Asia, Australia and South-America. Network Infrastructure
and the Urban Environment is a policy area of growing importance.
Sustainable cities and sustainable transport systems are necessary
for attaining a sustainable development. The research and policy
field, represented in this volume, comprises a number of
challenging contrasts: - the contrast between infrastructure
investments, mobility and environmental sustainability; - the
contrast between policy contexts, modelling traditions and
available decision support systems in various parts of the world; -
the contrast between available best practice methods and the
majority of models applied in planning; the contrast between static
models of cross-sectionary equilibria and dynamic models of
disequilibrium adjustments; and the contrast between
state-of-the-art operationalland-use/transport models and new
demands for land-use/transportlenvironment models due to changing
policy contexts. Bridging some of these gaps constitutes important
research tasks, that are discussed in the twenty-two chapters of
this book. A number of emerging research directions are identified
in the introduction and summary chapter."
National and European transport models become increasingly
important. The broadening of national transport policy from
strategic infrastructure investments to infrastructure management
strengthens the need for advanced and more policy sensitive tools
of analysis. The increase of interregional and international
mobility requires forecasting tools that go beyond the urban or
regional level. The competition for national infrastructure
investments among regions and for Trans-European investments among
nations has to be resolved by decisions and decision support
systems at the appropriate spatial level. Environmental impacts
transcend regional and national boundaries and transport policies
affecting these environmental impacts involve all spatial levels.
This volume presents the state of the art and prospects of a sample
of the most advanced national and European transport models within
a comparative framework.
National and European transport models become increasingly important. The broadening of national transport policy from strategic infrastructure investments to infrastructure management strengthens the need for advanced and more policy sensitive tools of analysis. The increase of interregional and international mobility requires forecasting tools that go beyond the urban or regional level. The competition for national infrastructure investments among regions and for Trans-European investments among nations has to be resolved by decisions and decision support systems at the appropriate spatial level. Environmental impacts transcend regional and national boundaries and transport policies affecting these environmental impacts involve all spatial levels. This volume presents the state of the art and prospects of a sample of the most advanced national and European transport models within a comparative framework.
Road pricing (tolls, etc.) as a means of generating revenue for
infrastructure investment has become a major policy option in both
Europe and North America. It can also be used as a policy in the
management of traffic demand and flow, environmental objectives,
and optimal resource allocation as regards the size of investments.
Road pricing is assumed to be able to solve many problems
simultaneously -- congestion control, pollution reduction, and
investment financing. This volume assembles and assesses
theoretical knowledge, empirical results and experiences of actual
road pricing. In addition, the impact of new information technology
on future policy formulation is considered.
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