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This Palgrave Pivot presents tournament design mainly within the
axioms of incentive compatibility and fairness. It illustrates the
advantages of an axiomatic approach through various examples,
including several FIFA and UEFA tournaments, and uses theoretical
tools and simulation methodology in its analysis. Chapter 1
discusses scoring systems of championships with multiple
competitions, ranking in Swiss-system tournaments, and tie-breaking
rules in round-robin leagues. It is followed by a thorough critical
analysis of the current and previous FIFA World Rankings. The broad
focus is substantially narrowed in Chapter 2, which turns to the
topic of incentive (in)compatibility in multiple qualifiers. It is
revealed that UEFA has faced at least three times recently this
problem in the qualification to the UEFA Europa League,
qualification to the UEFA Champions League, and the draw of the
UEFA Champions League groups. Analogously, Chapter 3 discusses
incentive (in)compatibility when there is only one group-based
tournament but the complex progression rules to the subsequent
stage can be designed poorly. Our examples include the qualifying
tournaments of recent FIFA World Cups and UEFA European
Championships. Chapter 4 moves to the problem of penalty shootout
rules in soccer, where the fairness and complexity of some
alternative mechanisms from the literature are evaluated. Fairness
remains the central issue in Chapter 5, which presents the
challenges of designing a tournament with 24 teams if the number of
teams per group cannot exceed four. As expected, there is no
perfect solution, and both FIFA and UEFA have introduced a reform
in this format recently. Chapter 6 deals with the qualification for
the 2020 UEFA European Football Championship. Its tournament design
is perhaps the most complicated one that has ever been implemented
in the real-world and suffers from serious shortcomings.
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