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This edited volume systematically demonstrates the evolution of
research in entrepreneurial ecosystems and highlights its
importance to policy. Presenting two particular aspects of research
in entrepreneurial ecosystems, the book begins with chapters that
analyse multi-country contexts before going on to explore the
digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. With state of the art research,
this volume explores the economic, social, and policy approaches
that characterize fruitful research on entrepreneurial ecosystems
with economically meaningful implications for policy. Contributing
to the rapidly expanding field of research, this is an insightful
resource to students, researchers and policy makers interested in
entrepreneurship.
This book presents the 2020 Digital Platform Economy Index (DPE
Index). The DPE Index integrates two separate but related
literatures on ecosystems, namely, the digital ecosystem and the
entrepreneurial ecosystem. This new framework situates digital
entrepreneurship within the broader context of users, platforms,
and institutions, such that two biotic entities (users and agents)
actuate individual agency, and two abiotic components (digital
infrastructure and digital platforms) form the external
environment. The DPE Index framework includes 12 pillars that
integrate the digital and the entrepreneurship ecosystems. Here,
the authors report on the DPE Index, the four sub-indices, and the
12 pillar values for 116 countries as well as provide a cluster
analysis based on the 12 pillars.
This brief presents a detailed look at the entrepreneurial
ecosystem of nations around the world by combining individual data
with institutional components. Presenting data from the 2018 Global
Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI), which measures the
quality and scale of entrepreneurial process from 137 countries
world-wide, this book provides a rich understanding of
entrepreneurship and a more precise means to measure it. The
novelty of the GEDI 2018 edition is the examination of the
connection between the GEDI score and the computed total factor
productivity (TFP) values. The Global Entrepreneurship and
Development Index is an annual index (composite indicator) that
measures the health of the entrepreneurship ecosystems in a given
country. The authors have identified 14 components (or pillars)
that are important for the health of entrepreneurial ecosystems,
identified data to capture each , and used this data to calculate
three levels of scores for a given country: the overall GEDI score,
scores for Individuals and Institutions, and pillar level scores
(which measure the quality of each of the 14 components).
This brief captures the contextual features of entrepreneurship by
measuring entrepreneurial attitudes, abilities, and aspirations at
both the individual- and country-level. Featuring data from the
2016 Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI), which
measures the quality and scale of the entrepreneurial process in
133 countries around the world, this book provides a tool to help
policymakers and governments harness the power of entrepreneurship
to address some of the economic challenges faced at the country
level. In addition to the yearly data and comparisons, this edition
also explores the relationship between entrepreneurship and other
measures of development. Distinct from both output-based
entrepreneurship indexes (i.e., new firm counts) and process-based
indexes (i.e., comparisons of policies and regulations, the GEDI is
designed to profile national systems of entrepreneurship. The Index
does not simply count new firm registrations nor is it an exercise
of policy benchmarking. It also does not focus exclusively on
high-growth entrepreneurship; it considers the characteristics of
entrepreneurship that enhance productivity, such as innovation,
market expansion, globalization, and growth potential. Finally,
recognizing that entrepreneurship has a different impact in
different economic and institutional contexts, the GEDI combines
individual-level data with data that describes national
institutions, as well as economic and demographic structures, to
provide an institutionally embedded view of the drivers of
productive entrepreneurship.
The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index both captures the
context features of entrepreneurship and fills a gap in the
measurement of development. Building on recent advances in
entrepreneurship and economic development, the authors have created
an index that offers a measure of the quality of the business
formation process in 118 of the most important countries in the
world.The authors expertly capture the contextual feature of
entrepreneurship by focusing on entrepreneurial attitudes,
entrepreneurial abilities and entrepreneurial aspirations. The data
and their contribution to the business formation process are
supported by three decades of research into entrepreneurship across
a host of countries. The unique index construction of individual
and institutional measures integrates 31 variables from various
data sources into 14 pillars, three sub-indexes and a 'super
index'. The relationship between entrepreneurship and economic
development appears to be more or less mildly S-shaped. The
findings suggest moving away from simple measures of
entrepreneurship across countries illustrating a U-shaped or
L-shaped relationship to more complex measures, which are
positively related to development. The model has important
implications for development policy. This unique book will be
invaluable for researchers, policymakers and entrepreneurs keen to
expand their understanding of entrepreneurship and development.
Contents: Foreword: Entrepreneurship and Global Growth, by Jack
Goldstone Preface 1. Introduction to the 2013 Global
Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2. Entrepreneurship and
Public Policy: Towards National Systems of Entrepreneurship 3.
Institutions, Incentives and Entrepreneurship, by Ruta Aidis and
Saul Estrin 4. The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 5.
The Role of Entrepreneurship and Economic Development 6.
Methodology and Data Description 7. Country Standings
The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index both captures the
context features of entrepreneurship and fills a gap in the
measurement of development. Building on recent advances in
entrepreneurship and economic development, the authors have created
an index that offers a measure of the quality of the business
formation process in 79 of the most important countries in the
world. Zoltan J. Acs and Laszlo Szerb expertly capture the
contextual feature of entrepreneurship by focusing on
entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial activity and
entrepreneurial aspirations. The data and their contribution to the
business formation process are supported by three decades of
research into entrepreneurship across a host of countries. The
unique index construction of individual and institutional measures
integrates 31 variables from various data sources into 14 pillars,
three sub-indexes and a 'super index'. The relationship between
entrepreneurship and economic development appears to be more or
less mildly S-shaped. The findings suggest moving away from simple
measures of entrepreneurship across countries illustrating a
U-shaped or L-shaped relationship to more complex measures, which
are positively related to development. The model has important
implications for development policy. This unique book will be
invaluable for researchers, policy makers and entrepreneurs
themselves keen to expand their understanding of entrepreneurship
and development. Contents: Foreword: Entrepreneurship and Global
Growth (Jack Goldstone) Preface Introduction to the 2012 Global
Entrepreneurship and Development Index (with Erkko Autio) 1. The
Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2. Entrepreneurship
and Economic Development 3. Methodology and Data Description 4.
Country Standings
`If the key to future global economic growth is the spread of
innovation and entrepreneurship in the developing world, how can
that spread be encouraged? The first steps are to determine the
conditions that favor entrepreneurship, devise a way to measure
them, and then assess the gaps and improvements needed in each
country. That is what the Global Entrepreneurship and Development
Index can now provide for the developing world.' - From the
foreword by Jack GoldstoneThe Global Entrepreneurship and
Development Index both captures the context features of
entrepreneurship and fills a gap in the measurement of development.
Building on recent advances in entrepreneurship and economic
development, the authors have created an index that offers a
measure of the quality of the business formation process in 71 of
the most important countries in the world. Zoltan J. Acs and Laszlo
Szerb expertly capture the contextual feature of entrepreneurship
by focusing on entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial activity
and entrepreneurial aspirations. The data and their contribution to
the business formation process are supported by three decades of
research into entrepreneurship across a host of countries. The
unique index construction of individual and institutional measures
integrates 31 variables from various data sources into 14 pillars,
three sub-indexes and a `super index'. The relationship between
entrepreneurship and economic development appears to be more or
less mildly S-shaped. The findings suggest moving away from simple
measures of entrepreneurship across countries illustrating a
U-shaped or L-shaped relationship to more complex measures, which
are positively related to development. The model has important
implications for development policy. This unique book will be
invaluable for researchers, policymakers and entrepreneurs
themselves keen to expand their understanding of entrepreneurship
and development. Contents: Foreword: Entrepreneurship and Global
Growth by Jack Goldstone; Preface; Introduction; 1. The Global
Entrepreneurship and Development Index; 2. Entrepreneurship and
Economic Development; 3. Methodology and Data Description; 4.
Country Standings
This volume provides a detailed look at the entrepreneurial
ecosystem of different nations by combining individual data with
institutional components. The composite index presented in this
book, the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), aims to measure the
quality and scale of the entrepreneurial process in 130 countries
around the world. The authors have developed a system that links
institutions and agents through a National Entrepreneurial System
(ecosystem) in which each biotic and abiotic component is
reinforced by the other at a country level. The enclosed data, from
both individual- and country-level institutions, provides
policymakers a tool for understanding the entrepreneurial strengths
and weaknesses of their respective economies, thereby enabling the
implementation of policies that foster productive entrepreneurship.
Distinct from both output-based entrepreneurship indexes (i.e., new
firm counts) and process-based indexes (i.e., comparisons of
policies and regulations), the GEI is designed to profile national
systems of entrepreneurship. The GEI is a construction of
individual and institutional measures that integrates 31 variables
from various data sources into 14 pillars, three sub-indexes and a
'super index'. The relationship between entrepreneurship and
economic development appears to be more or less mildly S-shaped.
The findings suggest moving away from simple measures of
entrepreneurship across countries illustrating a U-shaped or
L-shaped relationship to more complex measures, which are
positively related to development. The Index also does not focus
exclusively on high-growth entrepreneurship; it also considers the
characteristics of entrepreneurship that enhance productivity:
innovation, market expansion, being growth oriented, and having an
international outlook. Moreover, because entrepreneurship can have
both economic and social consequences for the individual, the GEI
captures the dynamic, institutionally embedded interactions between
the individual-level attitudes, abilities, and aspirations that
drive productive entrepreneurship. This unique book will be
invaluable for researchers, policymakers and entrepreneurs keen to
expand their understanding of entrepreneurship and development.
This volume captures the context features of entrepreneurship and
fills a gap in the measurement of development. Building on recent
advances in entrepreneurship and economic development, the authors
have created an index that offers a measure of the quality of the
business formation process in 120 of the most important countries
in the world. The authors expertly capture the contextual feature
of entrepreneurship by focusing on entrepreneurial attitudes,
entrepreneurial abilities and entrepreneurial aspirations. The data
and their contribution to the business formation process are
supported by three decades of research into entrepreneurship across
a host of countries. The Global Entrepreneurship and Development
Index is a construction of individual and institutional measures
that integrates 31 variables from various data sources into 15
pillars, three sub-indexes and a 'super index'. The relationship
between entrepreneurship and economic development appears to be
more or less mildly S-shaped. The findings suggest moving away from
simple measures of entrepreneurship across countries illustrating a
U-shaped or L-shaped relationship to more complex measures, which
are positively related to development. The model has important
implications for development policy. This unique book will be
invaluable for researchers, policymakers and entrepreneurs keen to
expand their understanding of entrepreneurship and development.
This brief presents a detailed look at the entrepreneurial
ecosystem of nations around the wold by combining individual data
with institutional components. Presenting data from the 2017 Global
Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI), which measures the
quality and scale of entrepreneurial process from 137 countries
world-wide, this book provides a rich understanding of
entrepreneurship and a more precise means to measure it. In
addition to yearly data and comparison, this 2017 edition also
explores the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem and provides a
detailed analysis of two measurements of entrepreneurship: the GEDI
and the Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) measure.
Whereas developed countries will be challenged to increase their
economic productivity to sustain current standards of living as
their populations rapidly age, developing economies will need to
integrate more than two billion young adults into the world economy
by 2050. How can more than one billion jobs be created in the
developing world within this timeframe, especially in the least
developed countries, where poverty and massive unemployment are
already dominant facts of economic life? How can we measure,
monitor, and build the ecosystems to produce such growth? The GEDI
is designed to profile national systems of entrepreneurship. It
links institutions and agents through a National Entrepreneurial
System (ecosystem) in which each biotic and abiotic component is
reinforced by the other at the country level. The resulting data
gives policymakers a tool for understanding the entrepreneurial
strengths and weaknesses of their countries' economies, thereby
enabling them to implement policies that foster productive
entrepreneurship. The GEDI also helps governments harness the power
of entrepreneurship to add these types of challenges.
The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index both captures the
context features of entrepreneurship and fills a gap in the
measurement of development. Building on recent advances in
entrepreneurship and economic development, the authors have created
an index that offers a measure of the quality of the business
formation process in 118 of the most important countries in the
world. The authors expertly capture the contextual feature of
entrepreneurship by focusing on entrepreneurial attitudes,
entrepreneurial abilities and entrepreneurial aspirations. The data
and their contribution to the business formation process are
supported by three decades of research into entrepreneurship across
a host of countries. The unique index construction of individual
and institutional measures integrates 31 variables from various
data sources into 14 pillars, three sub-indexes and a 'super
index'. The relationship between entrepreneurship and economic
development appears to be more or less mildly S-shaped. The
findings suggest moving away from simple measures of
entrepreneurship across countries illustrating a U-shaped or
L-shaped relationship to more complex measures, which are
positively related to development. The model has important
implications for development policy. This unique book will be
invaluable for researchers, policymakers and entrepreneurs keen to
expand their understanding of entrepreneurship and development.
Three major international research projects that track data on
global institutions in most countries do not track the firm
formation process and do not correlate with measures of the firm
formation process. For example, the self employment rate published
by the OECD correlates negatively with the Global Competitiveness
Index, the Index of Economic Freedom and the Ease of Doing
Business. What does this negative relationship mean? Does less
economic freedom mean more entrepreneurship? What about the
difficulty of starting a business? The Global Entrepreneurship
Index (GEINDEX) addresses this paradox in the economic development
literature. Building on previous measures of entrepreneurship, the
authors define the basic requirements for construction of an
entrepreneurship index. The index should be sufficiently complex to
capture the multidimensional feature of entrepreneurship. There
should be indicators referring to quality-related differences. The
index should incorporate individual level as well as institutional
variables. The Global Entrepreneurship Index contributes to our
understanding of economic development by constructing an index
(GEINDEX) that examines the essence of the contextual features of
entrepreneurship and fills a gap in the measure of development. The
authors develop a Global Entrepreneurship Index that offers a
measure of the quality and quantity of the business formation
process in 65 of the most important countries in the world. The
GEINDEX captures the contextual feature of entrepreneurship by
focusing on entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial activity and
entrepreneurial aspirations.
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