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Contains two very different narratives: a work of literary
imagination on early Hungarian history, and an eye-witness account
of the Mongol invasion of 1241-1242. Both are for the first time
presented in an updated Latin text with an annotated English
translation. An anonymous notary of King Bela (probably Bela III)
of Hungary wrote a Latin Gesta Hungarorum (ca 1200/10), a literary
composition about the mythical origins of the Hungarians and their
conquest of the Carpathian Basin. He wove into it stories of heroic
ancestors of the great men of his time. Anonymus tried to
(re)construct the events and protagonists-including ethnic
groups-of several centuries before from the names of places,
rivers, and mountains of his time, assuming that these retained the
memory of times past. One of his major inventionsA" was the
inclusion of Attila the Hun into the Hungarian royal genealogy, a
feature later developed into the myth of Hun-Hungarian continuity
(by Simon of Keza and other chroniclers). The Epistle to the
Sorrowful Lament upon the Destruction of the Kingdom of Hungary by
the Tartars of Master Roger includes an eyewitness account of the
Mongol invasion in 1241-2, beginning with an analysis of the
political conditions under King Bela IV and ending with the king's
return to the devastated country.
Written between 1282-1285, the "Gesta Hungarorum" is a historical
fiction of prehistory, medieval history and contemporary social
history. The author divides Hungarian history into two periods:
Hunnish-Hungarian prehistory and Hungarian history, giving a
division which persisted in Hungary up to the beginnings of modern
historiography. The text also illustrates the chronicler's
legal-theoretical framework of corporate self government and
constitutional law, inspired by French and Italian sources and
practice, which made this chronicle become an integral part of
Hungarian political theory as well as historical consciousness.
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