This volume focuses on how waste biomass can be transformed into useful biomaterials, food and feed, fuel, and chemicals by using various processes such as chemical, physical, thermal, biological, and biotechnological procedures. Biomass from biowastes, such as agriculture crop residues, wood processing residues, forest residues, food waste, industrial waste, and municipal solid waste, have emerged as potential substrates for bioenergy production. This volume explores the key features of biotechnology for waste biomass utilization, presenting scientific and technical literature on sustainable waste biomass management as well as for biomass conversion for biofuels, chemicals, and other new commercial products. It discusses a variety of novel biotechnical applications and interventions, including microbial fermentation and anaerobic digestion, biotechnological modes of xylooligosaccharides production, multifaceted utilization of microalgal biomass, vermiculture and vermicomposting, and more. Key features: Provides the most recent information about waste biomass utilization for the production of biofuels and biochemicals Shows a wide range of novel technologies in the field of biotechnology towards waste biomass utilization Focuses on the utilization of microbial resources for waste biomass conversion into value-added products Explores methods for food wastes and crop wastes conversion into biofuels and biochemicals Provides the scientific information describing various examples and case studies which aid gaining knowledge to researchers and academicians With chapters from eminent researchers who have significant global experience in the field of waste biomass management, this volume delivers a wealth of valuable information for researchers involved in bioenergy utilization. It will also be an essential source for academicians, researchers, economists, policymakers, and policy analysts.

Aeromicrobiology deals with the study of air borne microorganisms and viruses along with important particulate matter of air, especially smoke, dust and pesticides. Hospital is an important indoor environment responsible for the spread of airborne pathogens which later on is transmitted to other individuals viz., patients, hospital workers, visitors, etc. In turn it is carried over patients. Squames from the skin of persons may contain many pathogenic bacteria which are transmitted to patients. Hospital environment is responsible both for indoor and later outdoor community and represents a congenial situation where microorganisms and susceptible patients are together indoors. The estimation of the quantity and types of airborne microorganisms serves as an index for the cleanliness of the environment as well as a profile reveling human health and hospital-acquired infections. Evaluation of microbial count, types, and diversity in hospital indoor environments is of growing concern. Therefore, attempts must be made to check the spread of pathogens in the hospitals so that primary and secondary infections could be avoided.