This book assembles contributions from the conference « Focus Reichskommissariat Ostland - Collaboration and Resistance during the Holocaust which took place in Stockholm and Uppsala in April 2002. It presents new perspectives based on new archival sources and oral historiography of the Holocaust during the German occupation of the Baltic countries and part of Belarus: the Reichskommissariat Ostland. Acclaimed historians and new researchers from Belarus, Estonia, Germany, Israel, Latvia, Lithuania, Sweden and the USA focus on the issues of collaboration with or resistance to the Nazis and their extermination policy. The studies of collaboration concern that of the German civilian administration as well as the native local « self-defence administration in the occupied countries, particularly in Lativa and Lithuania. Several studies deal with resistance in the ghettos, especially Minsk ghetto, and among the partisans in the forests of Belarus and Lithuania. This book has distinctive relevance in bringing together a large amount of archival research done during the period since the fall of the Soviet Union.