This book examines the migration trends, drivers, and impacts among skilled workers within the European Union (EU). It assesses the economic benefits and costs of skilled migration in the short and long term and formulates policy recommendations to address the costs that migration induces while maximizing its benefits.

This book analyzes the vulnerabilities and inefficiencies associated with international labor migration from the Kyrgyz Republic brought to light by the COVID-19 pandemic and proposes policy options to address them.

International migration for temporary employment is a critical component of South Asia's development path, from both the jobs and remittance flows perspectives. South Asian economies are at a stage of demographic transition where people of working-age are generally still increasing shares of populations, with millions of people entering the working-age cohort every year for another generation. This report focuses on Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan - three countries in the region sharing similar characteristics, opportunities, and challenges when it comes to international migration. All three are lower-middle income countries where sizeable shares of the working age population migrate overseas. Migration has large positive effects on South Asian economies overall, often noted by the fact that remittances tend to be very high in relative and absolute terms. Several of the policy actions that can be taken in the pre-migration phase of the migration life-cycle to reduce the vulnerability of migrants will directly reduce costs and improve access for poorer households. Reducing volatility and improving sustainability will require sending countries to ultimately diversify the markets where they send their workers.