Ideal for students through to experimental biologists and health professionals dealing with the benefits and the failures of physiological and pathophysiological adaptations, this book dives into the role of the continuously changing natural environment on gene expression before relating back to modern day health conditions. It relays how gene expression is known to be modified by our (or by the modern) environment inclusive of factors such as gravity, altitude, temperature, air quality, physical conditioning as well as lifestyle, before applying this to how it impacts both health and disease conditions such as cardiac ischemia and cardiomyopathies, stroke, dementia, Alzheimer's, cancer, metal toxicity, etc.