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This second edition offers an expanded and updated history of the
field of fetal and neonatal development, allowing readers to gain a
comprehensive understanding of the biological aspects that
contribute to the wellbeing or pathophysiology of newborns. In this
concluding opus of a long and prominent career as a clinical
scientist, Dr. Longo has invited new contributions from noted
colleagues with expertise in various fields to provide a historical
perspective on the impact of how modern concepts emerged in the
field of fetal physiology and contributed to the current attention
paid to the fetal origins of diseases in adults. In addition to new
chapters on maternal physiology and complications during pregnancy,
others trace the history of the Society for Reproductive
Investigation, governmental funding of perinatal research, and
major initiatives to support training in the new discipline of
maternal fetal medicine, including the Reproductive Scientist
Development program. The extensive survey provided by the author,
who personally knew most of the pioneers in the field, offers a
unique guide for all clinical and basic scientists interested in
the history of - and future approaches to diagnosing and treating -
pathologies that represent the leading causes of neonatal mortality
and, far too often, life-long morbidity.
This second edition offers an expanded and updated history of the
field of fetal and neonatal development, allowing readers to gain a
comprehensive understanding of the biological aspects that
contribute to the wellbeing or pathophysiology of newborns. In this
concluding opus of a long and prominent career as a clinical
scientist, Dr. Longo has invited new contributions from noted
colleagues with expertise in various fields to provide a historical
perspective on the impact of how modern concepts emerged in the
field of fetal physiology and contributed to the current attention
paid to the fetal origins of diseases in adults. In addition to new
chapters on maternal physiology and complications during pregnancy,
others trace the history of the Society for Reproductive
Investigation, governmental funding of perinatal research, and
major initiatives to support training in the new discipline of
maternal fetal medicine, including the Reproductive Scientist
Development program. The extensive survey provided by the author,
who personally knew most of the pioneers in the field, offers a
unique guide for all clinical and basic scientists interested in
the history of - and future approaches to diagnosing and treating -
pathologies that represent the leading causes of neonatal mortality
and, far too often, life-long morbidity.
One of the most provocative recent findings in modern medicine is
that perinatal stress may have a subtle or drastic impact on
tissue/organ ontogeny, structure, and function, altering the
vulnerability or resiliency to challenges and diseases later in
life. A wealth of evidence indicates that stress and adverse
environmental milieu during early development is closely associated
with increased risks of the genesis of hypertension, coronary
artery disease, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, central
obesity, hyperlipidemia, and other neurobehavioral,
neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood. The
concept of "Developmental Programming of Health and Disease" or
"Foetal Origins of Adult Disease" has been developed to elucidate
the links between stress, early development, and risks of disease
later in life. Stress is an internal response to stimuli or
pressures that challenge or disrupt an organism's homeostasis in a
changing environment. Adverse environmental signals that influence
the development cause foetal stress. Such adverse signals can be
transmitted from the mother to the foetus, impacting specific
vulnerable tissues in their sensitive developmental stage,
modulating normal development trajectory, remodelling their
structure and function and reprogramming the resiliency or
susceptibility to diseases in postnatal life. Such programming may
be determined by multiple factors including gestational age,
duration and mode of exposure and nature of the stressor, and these
processes are tissue/organ specific. Genetic traits, epigenetic
modifications and central stress mediators such as dopamine,
glucocorticoids, and other transmitters may underpin such
phenotypic plasticity. This volume provides broad and up-to-date
information in the recent advancement of our knowledge in the basic
science of Developmental Programming of Health and Disease. Each
Chapter is written by leading experts in the field, providing the
highest academic level for readers including basic, clinical, and
translational scientists, paediatricians, maternal-foetal medicine
specialists, physiologists, environmental biologists,
biostatisticians, sociologists, behavioural scientists, health
economists, health informatics experts, geneticists,
microbiologists, epidemiologists, medical students, university
undergraduate students, and graduate students.
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