With the advent of Aboriginal street gangs such as Indian Posse, Manitoba Warriors, and Native Syndicate, Winnipeg garnered a reputation as the "gang capital of Canada." Yet beyond the stereotypes of outsiders, little is known about these street gangs and the factors and conditions that have produced them. "Indians Wear Red" locates Aboriginal street gangs in the context of the racialized poverty that has become entrenched in the colonized space of Winnipeg's North End. Drawing upon extensive interviews with Aboriginal street gang members as well as with Aboriginal women and elders, the authors develop an understanding from "inside" the inner city and through the voices of Aboriginal people - especially street gang members themselves. While economic restructuring and neo-liberal state responses can account for the global proliferation of street gangs, the authors argue that colonialism is a crucial factor in the Canadian context, particularly in western Canadian urban centres. Young Aboriginal people have resisted their social and economic exclusion by acting collectively as "Indians." But just as colonialism is destructive, so too are street gang activities, including the illegal trade in drugs. Solutions lie not in "quick fixes" or "getting tough on crime" but in decolonization: re-connecting Aboriginal people with their cultures and building communities in which they can safely live and work.

This case study of an innovative and alternative model of community economic development describes a unique project that shows how building and renovating housing can greatly improve the social, economic, and political life of an inner city neighborhood. Using the North End Housing Project (NEHP) in Winnipeg as its focus, the strategy of housing as the centerpiece for community economic development is thoroughly assessed. The NEHP began in one of the lowest-income locales in the city buying, renovating, renting, and selling residences, providing affordable shelter and increasing the nearby housing values. This model proved to be a catalyst for jobs, an economic base, and a foundation of social capital--neighborliness and community organization--in the neighborhood.