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The Chinese Communist Party, as the political leader of the world's
largest country and second largest economy, plays an undeniably
important role in global politics. Founded in a boarding school in
Shanghai in 1921, the Chinese Communist Party is one of the oldest
ruling parties in the world since its takeover of mainland China in
1949 under the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong. Since its
inception, the party has survived a civil war with the Kuomintang
(1946-1949); the political, cultural, and humanitarian catastrophe
of the Great Leap Forward (1958-1960), where upwards of 30 million
Chinese civilians died; and the death of the Chinese Communist
Party's dominant leader, Mao Zedong, in 1976. In recent years,
intellectuals and party members have been given increasing leeway
to express their opinions, and Lawrence R. Sullivan takes advantage
of this new research to provide a comprehensive history of one of
the world's most fascinating political movements. The Historical
Dictionary of the Chinese Communist Party contains a chronology, an
introductory essay, an appendix, an extensive bibliography, and
more than 400 cross-reference dictionary entries on key people,
places, and institutions. This book is an excellent access point
for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about
the Chinese Communist Party.
Following decades of ignoring the environment, China has become a
global leader in air and water purification, solid waste
management, and wastewater treatment with dramatic growth
especially in solar and wind power while major outstanding problems
include continued reliance on coal and other fossil fuels
especially in power plants and heavy industry. Concise Encyclopedia
of Green Technology in China provides a basic understanding of
green technology in the environmental and economic policies of the
People’s Republic of China (PRC). Green technology is defined as
any technology used to mitigate or reverse the deleterious effects
of human activity on the natural environment, green technology
involves the application of multiple environmental sciences
including green chemistry, material sciences, and hydrology along
with utilization of renewable energy sources such as geothermal,
solar, tidal and wave, and wind power. Innovative technologies
developed in China include mass production of electric vehicles
(EVs), development of photovoltaics along with electronic devices
for remote sensing, monitoring, and utilization of enhanced
computer power for the analysis of big data.
Covering wide-ranging topics including the arts and entertainment
along with customs and traditions from the ancient imperial and
modern eras, the Historical Dictionary of Chinese Culture provides
more than 300 separate entries along with a comprehensive
Chronology, Glossary of Chinese cultural terms, and extensive
Bibliography of Western and Chinese language sources. Entries of
decorative and fine arts include ceramics and porcelains,
handicrafts, jade and seal carving, jewelry, and painting with
literary subjects including fiction and non-fiction and especially
poetry. Also covered are major customary practices from childbirth
and childrearing to marriage and weddings to funerals and burial
practices along with critical areas of education and major
entertainment venues of cinema and film, classical puppetry, and
theater, ancient and modern. Unsavory aspects of the culture are
also examined, including crime, foot-binding, pornography, and
prostitution, and the government policies aimed at their
eradication along with major events affecting the trajectory of
Chinese cultural development, especially the New Culture-May Fourth
Movement (1917-1921) and the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976).
Throughout the text, Chinese language translations of key terms are
presented in italics and parenthesis along with biographies of
figures central to the creation of China's magnificent cultural
heritage.
The Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Economy covers the world's
second largest macro economy. Extensive attention throughout the
volume is given to the historical development of the Chinese
economy since the establishment of the People's Republic of China
(PRC) in 1949. Included is a review of developments during the
period of central economic planning adopted from the Soviet Union
(1953-1978) and in-depth information and analysis on the various
policies and fundamental changes brought about in China by the
inauguration of economic reforms from 1978-1979 through 2016. This
book contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive
bibliography. The dictionary section has over 400 cross-referenced
entries on critical sectors of the economy including automobiles,
banking and finance, national currency, economic regulation, trade
and investment, and important industries such as agriculture,
computers and electronics, iron and steel, real estate, and
shipping.. This book is an excellent resource for students,
researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about China's economy.
When the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) assumed power in October
1949 China was one of the poorest nations in the world and so weak
it had been conquered in the late 1930s and early 1940s by its
neighbor Japan, a country one-10th its size. More than five decades
later, the People's Republic of China (PRC) is an emerging
economic, political, and major military power with the world's
fastest growing economy and largest population (1.35 billion in
2015). A member of the United Nations Security Council since the
early 1970s and a nuclear power, China wields enormous influence in
the world community while at home what was once a nation of largely
poverty-stricken peasants and urban areas with little-to-no
industry has been transformed into an increasingly urbanized
society with a growing middle class and an industrial and service
sector that leads the world in such industries as steel and
textiles while becoming a major player in computers and
telecommunications. All the while the country has remained under
the tight political control of a one-party system dominated by the
Chinese Communist Party that despite periods of intense political
conflict and turmoil governs China with a membership in 2014 of 88
million people-the largest single organization on earth. This third
edition of Historical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China
contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an
extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 700
cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics,
economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an
excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone
wanting to know more about China.
Covering the years 1921 to 2021, this Dictionary reviews the major
events, leaders, ideologies, and policies of the Chinese Communist
Party (CCP). Topics range from the accomplishments of the CCP, most
notably, the establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC)
in 1949 and economic growth and prosperity beginning in 1978-79 to
the major disasters of the Great Leap Forward (1958-60) and the
Cultural Revolution (1966-76) under the leadership of Chairman Mao
Zedong (1943-76). Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Communist
Party, Second Edition contains a chronology, an introduction, and
an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 400
cross-referenced entries on key people, places, and institutions.
This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and
anyone wanting to know more about the Chinese Communist Party.
The Historical Dictionary of Science and Technology in Modern China
provides the most up-to-date information on science and technology
in China from the late nineteenth century to the present. Special
attention is given to the historical factors, scientists, and
historical figures behind each scientific development. In
particular, this book pays attention to the scientists who were
persecuted to death or tortured during the Cultural Revolution
(1966-1976), and whose scientific research was therefore tragically
cut short. The historical dictionary provides information on
science and technology in China from the late nineteenth century to
the present including: .a chronology; .introduction; .extensive
bibliography; .over 700 cross-referenced dictionary entries on
major scientific and technological fields and sub-fields; .entries
on western scholars and educators who also impacted scientific
achievements in China. This book is an excellent access point for
students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the
science and technology in China."
In an act of totally unnecessary and wanton destruction, British
forces in China during the Second Opium War (1856-1860) looted and
destroyed much of the Old Imperial Summer Palace (Yuanmingyuan)
including three imperial gardens and hundreds of halls, pavilions,
and temples stock full of ancient artwork, antiquities, and
literary works. More than a hundred years later, President Xi
Jinping (2013- ) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) proclaimed
the "rejuvenation" of the Chinese nation with the economic and
especially military power to prevent any such recurrence of
"national humiliation." Though not yet a superpower equal in global
stature to the United States, the PRC is undoubtedly poised to
become the equal if not the superior power in the Asia-Pacific
region expanding its territorial claims in the South China Sea and
asserting undisputed economic dominance. With government, business,
and academic leaders debating how regional and global powers should
respond to a rising China. Historical Dictionary of Chinese Foreign
Affairs contains a chronology, an introduction, a glossary,
appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section
has over 300 cross-referenced entries on major events, national
institutions, foreign nations, and personages impacting Chinese
foreign affairs along with the many institutions of the post-World
War II international order that the PRC has engaged especially
since the 1970s. This book is an excellent resource for students,
researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Chinese foreign
affairs.
The largest emitter of green-house gases since 2007 and top
polluter of the increasingly stressed Pacific Ocean, the People’s
Republic of China is both a major contributor to environmental
degradation and a leading contender to mitigate and stabilize
global environmental conditions. Reviewing the history of the PRC
from the periods of central economic planning (1953-1978) followed
by the single-minded pursuit of economic growth and mass
consumption beginning in 1978-1979 to the adoption of a more
balanced approach stressing environmental protection and
restoration beginning in the 1990s, Historical Dictionary of the
Chinese Environment documents both the enormous damage to the
country’s natural environment and the dramatic attempts by the
Chinese government and environmental non-government organizations
(ENGOs) at environmental amelioration and restoration. Historical
Dictionary of the Chinese Environment contains a chronology, an
introduction, appendixes and an extensive bibliography. The
dictionary section has over 200 cross-referenced entries on
environmental degradation including air and water pollution,
deforestation, desertification, and resource depletion while
efforts at amelioration and restoration include river and waterway
clean-ups, reforestation and desert control, restoration of
fisheries, creation of national nature reserves, along with energy
conservation and development of renewables such as solar and wind
power. This book is an excellent resource for students,
researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Chinese
Environment.
When the Reverend Halvor Ronning, his sister Thea, and fellow
missionary Hannah Rorem set out in 1891 to found a Lutheran mission
and school in the interior of China, they could not have foreseen
the ways in which that decision would ripple across generations of
the Ronning family. Halvor and Hannah would marry, and their son
Chester, born in Hubei Province in 1894, would spend over half his
life in China as a student, teacher, and a Canadian diplomat.
Chester's daughter, Audrey, studied at Nanking University during
the Chinese Civil War and later spent decades reporting on the
People's Republic of China for the New York Times, Foreign Affairs,
and many other publications. "During the last century," Audrey
Topping notes, "a member of our family was there for almost every
event of importance." China Mission presents a personal history of
her family's ties to their adopted home and the momentous events
that radically changed one of the most powerful countries in the
world.
The Ronnings found Imperial China at the end of the nineteenth
century to be a nation on the cusp of change, and they were swept
up as both observers and participants in these dramatic events.
During their years as missionaries, the Ronnings witnessed the
Boxer Uprising in 1898, the subsequent Palace Coup and the Siege of
Peking, the death of the last emperor, and the collapse of China's
dynasty system. They also endured personal challenges -- famine,
births, deaths, and the almost constant threat of attack -- that
were countered with songs, celebrations, friendship, and a deep
appreciation for the culture of which they had become a part.
Later, Chester Ronning would return to China, as would his
daughter Audrey, bringing their family's story to the end of the
twentieth century. This extraordinary account, compiled from the
diaries, letters, and photographs of three generations, offers
modern readers a rare and remarkable look at a world long gone.
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