Rely on resources for Scotland, from Scotland, to meet the needs of every student. With differentiation at its core, this course provides appropriate support, structure and challenge for all learners. Students will enjoy developing their skills, knowledge and appreciation of the Spanish language and the culture of Spanish-speaking countries. > Trust Scotland's No.1 educational publisher. Written specifically for the Scottish curriculum, this book covers the specified contexts of society, learning, employability and culture, with each double-page spread containing the content for one lesson. > Practise and strengthen skills. Every lesson includes high-quality reading, writing, speaking, listening and grammar exercises. Vocabulary lists for each context and a 30-page grammar chapter help students to build from a strong foundation. Four 'magazines' offer extra insight and reading practice. > Ensure access for everyone. The content is differentiated into three difficulty levels, enabling students to work independently, follow a clear pathway and feel confident in their progress. The first two difficulty levels are also suitable for N3 and N4, so you have a single, cost-effective resource for all stages. > Prepare for assessment success. Each section ends with a 'revision corner', which comprises exam-style questions, model answers and advice on the N5 exam, written assignment and performance. Please note: The audio files to accompany the listening tasks are not included with this book. > Individual customers (students, parents/carers and tutors) can access the audio by subscribing to the Boost eBook, available to purchase at hoddergibson.co.uk/n5-languages. A Boost eBook subscription permits access to the audio for one user only and cannot be shared with others. > Schools/colleges can access the audio by subscribing to the Boost teaching and learning resources at hoddergibson.co.uk/n5-languages

This is an indispensable and practical overview of the functions and liabilities of the insolvency practitioner (IP), bringing together the expertise of insolvency practitioners and specialist lawyers. It considers the circumstances in which IPs are appointed, their duties and their powers, before offering a detailed investigation into their potential professional liabilities, as well as in-depth guidance to practitioners and advisers as to how claims might be framed and defended. Utilising knowledge drawn from decades of practice, Insolvency Practitioners examines both reported case law and unreported cases from the authors' own experiences to provide unparalleled insight and information. It also discusses unresolved and tendentious matters such as aspects of remuneration, the end of personal IP licensing, and recent changes introduced by the Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020, and provides clarity on the latitude given to IPs in exercising their commercial judgement. This book provides unique and comprehensive coverage of the significant body of case law in this area, and will prove essential reading for all IPs, insolvency and restructuring lawyers, as well as those dealing with matters relating to professional negligence. Its exploration of contentious issues in the field will also be of interest to academics and postgraduate researchers with a focus on insolvency law.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

A discourse on time, gravity, and the universe that takes the reader through the subtleties of time, the origin of the universe, and physical evolution in Einstein's theory and its extensions. Can time and causality remain fundamental when the classical ideal of spacetime becomes a concept of limited applicability in quantum gravity? A thorough exposition on the canonical framework of Einstein's theory and its extensions reveals the synergy between gravitation and the cosmic clock of our expanding universe that renders time concrete, physical, and comprehensible. In conjunction with a paradigm shift from four-covariance to just spatial diffeomorphism invariance, causal time-ordering of the quantum state of the universe and its evolution in cosmic time become meaningful. The quantum state of the universe is the embodiment of our shared past, present, and future. The advocated framework prompts natural extensions and improvements to Einstein's theory. A salient feature is the addition of a Cotton-York term to the physical Hamiltonian. Besides bringing improved ultraviolet convergence, this radically changes the solution to the initial data problem and the quantum origin of the universe. It lends support to the quantum beginning of the universe as an exact Chern-Simons Hartle-Hawking state that features Euclidean-Lorentzian instanton tunneling. A signature of this state is that it manifests, at the lowest order approximation, scale-invariant two-point correlation function for transverse-traceless quantum metric fluctuations. This initial quantum state also implies, at the level of expectation values, a low-entropy hot smooth Robertson-Walker beginning that is in accord with Penrose's Weyl Curvature Hypothesis. Consequently, the gravitational arrow of time of increasing spatial volume and the thermodynamic second law arrow of time of increasing entropy concur as our universe expands and ages.

Intellectual property goods are frequently referred to as intangible or abstract. Yet, traditionally, they have almost always needed to be embodied or materialized in order to be protected (and - to a certain extent - to be used and enjoyed), regardless of whether they are copyrighted works, patented inventions or trademarks. With a focus on the issue of access and the challenges of new technologies such as biotechnology and digital technologies, this unique collection analyzes the relationship between intellectual property and its physical embodiments. It contains a mixture of theoretical and practical perspectives and encompasses an interdisciplinary approach, including chapters on the connection between intellectual property and cultural heritage law, cultural property law and international trade law. The book furthermore comprises historical reflections that illuminate how intellectual property has never been purely about the intangible. Intellectual Property and Access to Im/material Goods will be of interest to scholars, practitioners and law and policymakers. Users of intellectual property goods such as museums, libraries, archives and/or other cultural institutions, as well as users of biomaterials, copyrighted works, patented inventions and/or trademarked goods will find value in this book. Contributors include: C.E. Bell, M. Blakeney, D.L. Burk, S. Corbett, S. Frankel, M.J. Madison, A. McMahon, A. Pottage, L.K. Skorodenski, G. Spedicato, P.K. Yu

This book represents a major innovation in the institutional analysis of cities and their planning, management and governance. Using concepts of transaction costs and property rights, the work shows systematically how urban order evolves as individuals co-operate in cities for mutual gain. Five kinds of urban order are examined, arising as co-operating individuals seek to reduce the costs of transacting with each other. These are organisational order (combinations of property rights), institutional order (rules and sanctions), proprietary order (fragmentation of property rights), spatial order and public domain order. Property Rights, Planning and Markets also offers an institutional interpretation of urban planning and management that challenges both the view that planning inevitably conflicts with freedom of contract and the view that its function is a means of correcting market failures. Real life examples from countries and regions around the world are used to illustrate the universal relevance of theoretical generalisations, which will be welcomed by a new generation of policymakers and students who take on a world view that goes beyond national boundaries.

In Firms, Strategies and Economic Change, Fu-Lai Tony Yu acknowledges the shortcomings of contemporary research on industrial organisation and strategy, while proposing a novel subjectivist approach to economic and management problems. Based largely on the works of Max Weber, Alfred Schutz, Ludwig von Mises and Frank H. Knight, this book develops the subjective interpretation framework to promote better understanding of entrepreneurship, industrial organisation and strategy, vertical integration, innovation, consumer behaviour, business cycles and institutional change more fully. The author also presents a new interpretation on the economics of Frank H. Knight and sheds light on the history of subjectivist economics. Adding new insights not only to economics but also to business, entrepreneurship and industrial organisation issues, this book will have a wide appeal to scholars of these areas as well as Austrian economists.

This book represents a major innovation in the institutional analysis of cities and their planning, management and governance. Using concepts of transaction costs and property rights, the work shows systematically how urban order evolves as individuals co-operate in cities for mutual gain. Five kinds of urban order are examined, arising as co-operating individuals seek to reduce the costs of transacting with each other. These are organisational order (combinations of property rights), institutional order (rules and sanctions), proprietary order (fragmentation of property rights), spatial order and public domain order. Property Rights, Planning and Markets also offers an institutional interpretation of urban planning and management that challenges both the view that planning inevitably conflicts with freedom of contract and the view that its function is a means of correcting market failures. Real life examples from countries and regions around the world are used to illustrate the universal relevance of theoretical generalisations, which will be welcomed by a new generation of policymakers and students who take on a world view that goes beyond national boundaries.

This topical book interprets firms, governments and economic change from an entrepreneurial perspective. Essentially, it applies the Austrian theory of human agency and evolutionary theories of the firm to explain economic organisation, the state and institutional change. Tony Yu begins by discussing the nature of entrepreneurship and the firm followed by an analysis of the role of entrepreneurship in economic change. He thoroughly analyses the process of economic development in late industrialisers, within an entrepreneurial framework outlined within the book. The author argues that ordinary and extraordinary discovery are associated with routine or imitative entrepreneurship and Schumpetarian entrepreneurship respectively. Using this classification, the author shows how it is the interaction of various types of entrepreneurial activities that transformed East Asian latecomers such as Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore and Hong Kong from traditional agrarian and fishing economies into international centres of trading, service industries and finance. Firms, Governments and Economic Change will be of special interest to scholars of industrial economics, entrepreneurship and Asian studies. It will also be of use to governmental organisations responsible for economic development, as the analysis is thoroughly up to date easy to understand.

For courses in undergraduate Analysis and Transition to Advanced Mathematics. Analysis with an Introduction to Proof, Fifth Edition helps fill in the groundwork students need to succeed in real analysis-often considered the most difficult course in the undergraduate curriculum. By introducing logic and emphasizing the structure and nature of the arguments used, this text helps students move carefully from computationally oriented courses to abstract mathematics with its emphasis on proofs. Clear expositions and examples, helpful practice problems, numerous drawings, and selected hints/answers make this text readable, student-oriented, and teacher- friendly.