This book gives a brief review of current development models and governance of urban sharing platforms, and looks into the economic efficiency of a novel market transaction model of sharing economy, which has been accelerated by high-density urban population and the Internet technology. With an aim to solve current problems featuring excessive competition, waste of resources, security risks, and unfair competition, this book delves into the two governance models in accommodation sharing platforms and bike and car sharing platforms and puts forward a multi-dimensional collaborative governance model that involves the participation of enterprises, the government, and the community. Under such a model, the platforms may utilize their own key technologies to implement supervision and solicit feedback; the government may resort to tax regulation and reallocating shared space to mitigate the negative externality effect and promote fair competition; and the community, as the basic unit of a city, may play its part through on-site participation and real-time feedback.

This book presents an empirical study to develop and validate a proficiency scale of business English writing in the Chinese tertiary context. Through a mixture of intuitive, quantitative and qualitative methods, the book demonstrates how a pool of descriptors are collectively formulated, statistically calibrated and meticulously validated for the establishment of a proficiency scale of business English writing. The writing scale differs in significant ways from the existing language scales, most of which were constructed in English as L1 or L2 contexts and applied to English for General Purposes (EGP) domains. This book also provides important insights into the construct of business English writing as well as the methods for English for Specific Purposes (ESP) proficiency scale development and validation. It is of particular interest to those who work in the area of ESP teaching and assessment.

This book investigates in detail the concepts and principles of green chemistry and related methodologies, including green synthesis, green activation methods, green catalysis, green solvents, and green design to achieve process intensification while at the same time ensuring process safety and promoting ecological civilization and environmental protection. Moreover, it incorporates elements of chemical management and chemical education, highlighting chemists' responsibility to protect humankind and foster green and sustainable development in chemistry. Combining Chinese and Belarus wisdom, this book is intended for those working in the chemical industry who are interested in environmental protection and sustainable development, as well as undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in green chemistry and related technologies.

As a legacy of the socialist state with central planning, Five-Year Planning (FYP) is very important in regulating socio-economic and spatial development even in post-reform China. This book tries to fill the research gap between examining the role of FYP and how spatial elements in the FYP mechanism have operated and transformed in spatial regulatory practices in transitional China. By building a conceptual framework and studying two empirical cases at different spatial scales, with the help of both qualitative and quantitative methods, it helps to understand various stakeholders, institutions and planning administrations, mechanisms of articulating spatial planning into the FYP system and the effectiveness of spatial planning in solving place-specific governance issues in urban and regional China.

This book introduces advanced thyristor-based shunt hybrid active power filters (HAPFs) for power quality improvement in power grids, which are characterized by a low dc-link operating voltage and a wide compensation range. This means they can overcome the high dc-link voltage requirement of conventional active power filters and the narrow compensation range problem of LC-coupling hybrid active power filters. Consisting of 10 chapters, the book discusses the principle, design, control and hardware implementation of thyristor-based hybrid active power filters. It covers 1) V-I characteristics, cost analysis, power loss and reliability studies of different power filters; 2) mitigation of the harmonic injection technique for thyristor-controlled parts; 3) nonlinear pulse width modulation (PWM) control; 4) parameter design methods; 5) minimum inverter capacity design; 6) adaptive dc-link voltage control; 7) unbalanced control strategy; 8) selective compensation techniques; and 9) the hardware prototype design of thyristor-based HAPFs, verified by simulation and experimental results. It enables readers to gain an understanding of the basic power electronics techniques applied in power systems as well as the advanced techniques for controlling, implementing and designing advanced thyristor-based HAPFs.

Although sensor fusion is an essential prerequisite for autonomous driving, it entails a number of challenges and potential risks. For example, the commonly used deep fusion networks are lacking in interpretability and robustness. To address these fundamental issues, this book introduces the mechanism of deep fusion models from the perspective of uncertainty and models the initial risks in order to create a robust fusion architecture. This book reviews the multi-sensor data fusion methods applied in autonomous driving, and the main body is divided into three parts: Basic, Method, and Advance. Starting from the mechanism of data fusion, it comprehensively reviews the development of automatic perception technology and data fusion technology, and gives a comprehensive overview of various perception tasks based on multimodal data fusion. The book then proposes a series of innovative algorithms for various autonomous driving perception tasks, to effectively improve the accuracy and robustness of autonomous driving-related tasks, and provide ideas for solving the challenges in multi-sensor fusion methods. Furthermore, to transition from technical research to intelligent connected collaboration applications, it proposes a series of exploratory contents such as practical fusion datasets, vehicle-road collaboration, and fusion mechanisms. In contrast to the existing literature on data fusion and autonomous driving, this book focuses more on the deep fusion method for perception-related tasks, emphasizes the theoretical explanation of the fusion method, and fully considers the relevant scenarios in engineering practice. Helping readers acquire an in-depth understanding of fusion methods and theories in autonomous driving, it can be used as a textbook for graduate students and scholars in related fields or as a reference guide for engineers who wish to apply deep fusion methods.

This monograph describes global propagation of regular nonlinear hyperbolic waves described by first-order quasilinear hyperbolic systems in one dimension. The exposition is clear, concise, and unfolds systematically beginning with introductory material and leading to the original research of the authors. Topics are motivated with a number of physical examples from the areas of elastic materials, one-dimensional gas dynamics, and waves. Aimed at researchers and graduate students in partial differential equations and related topics, this book will stimulate further research and help readers further understand important aspects and recent progress of regular nonlinear hyperbolic waves.

This book is proceedings of the 7th FTRA International Conference on Future Information Technology (FutureTech 2012). The topics of FutureTech 2012 cover the current hot topics satisfying the world-wide ever-changing needs. The FutureTech 2012 is intended to foster the dissemination of state-of-the-art research in all future IT areas, including their models, services, and novel applications associated with their utilization. The FutureTech 2012 will provide an opportunity for academic and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and progress in this area. In addition, the conference will publish high quality papers which are closely related to the various theories, modeling, and practical applications in many types of future technology. The main scope of FutureTech 2012 is as follows. Hybrid Information Technology Cloud and Cluster Computing Ubiquitous Networks and Wireless Communications Multimedia Convergence Intelligent and Pervasive Applications Security and Trust Computing IT Management and Service Bioinformatics and Bio-Inspired Computing Database and Data Mining Knowledge System and Intelligent Agent Human-centric Computing and Social Networks The FutureTech is a major forum for scientists, engineers, and practitioners throughout the world to present the latest research, results, ideas, developments and applications in all areas of future technologies.

Wang offers an empirically based exploration into work-integration social enterprises as a means for delivering social services in China. Focusing on the political economy of social enterprise development in China, Wang examines the nature of the relationship between the state and social enterprises and the implications of such relationships for their institutional effectiveness. She adopts a bottom-up approach that investigates indigenous practices embedded within the local political context. Common ground has been established internationally that the social enterprise model provides new ways of social service delivery that could potentially change and restructure the social welfare economy. However, the development path differs across social contexts, especially in an authoritarian country like China. This study provides insights into China's efforts to develop its social welfare sector and reinvigorate customary ideas about how public services could be better offered given the country's political economy. This book will be of great interest to both scholars of China’s political economy and those with an interest in the development of the social enterprise sector looking to see how this works in a Chinese context.

This book places a current topic-energy transition-within the historical background of human social development and explores the value and significance of energy transition for economic transition in the course of economic growth. It sheds light on the basic logic and the distinguishing characteristics of energy transition by reviewing the history of energy transition development in order to provide a new perspective for understanding and analyzing China's energy transition considering lessons from the German and American energy transition experiences. This book will be of interest to environmentalists, economists, and journalists.

This book makes both empirical and conceptual contributions to the debate on privatization of higher education in China. Empirically, it aims to fill a gap in our knowledge of privatization of higher education in North China. To this end, Beijing was chosen as a case for analysis, and nine local higher educational institutions were visited. The case study strategy is also complemented by an extensive review of national policies to reveal problems beyond the specific case of Beijing and of national concern. The effects of the cultural and socioeconomic background and the unique state-party controlling system on higher education management are stressed. Conceptually, most existing studies on privatization of higher education in China adopt a policy analysis approach, while research on privatization of other public sectors or in other countries is frequently guided by economic theories. This book thus seeks to combine both social policy and econometric approaches to provide a systematic and detailed investigation of the privatization process in the context of higher education. It also improves examines the applicability of western theories in the Chinese context.

This book addresses the current development status of high-speed railways globally and analyzes their operational schemes and practices under emergent conditions. It covers methods and problem-solving philosophy with regard to complexity analysis, capacity evaluation, passenger-flow forecasts, operating strategies, passenger-flow allocation, resource allocation and supporting technologies in the context of serious accidents and adverse environmental influences on train operation and service organization of high-speed railways. The abnormal scenarios, emergent conditions, adverse events and corresponding theoretical and applicational solutions dealing with the train operation both in line and network scale are all from real-world cases related to and designed for Chinese high-speed railway network which is the largest in scale, the highest in complexity and the most difficult in tackling with the complex and diverse climate and geographical environment , and thus makes the book both theoretically rigorous and practically applicable. It not only helps readers consider the train and network interactions from the perspective of complexity science, but also provides them with a philosophical framework and approaches available to construct their own roadmap and problem-solving paradigms in their daily research or management. This book is suitable for researchers, postgraduates and managerial and engineering practitioners in railway-related fields, especially in high-speed railway operation and emergency management.

Focusing on three applications of data mining, Design and Implementation of Data Mining Tools explains how to create and employ systems and tools for intrusion detection, Web page surfing prediction, and image classification. Mainly based on the authors' own research work, the book takes a practical approach to the subject. The first part of the book reviews data mining techniques, such as artificial neural networks and support vector machines, as well as data mining applications. The second section covers the design and implementation of data mining tools for intrusion detection. It examines various designs and performance results, along with the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches. The third part presents techniques to solve the WWW prediction problem. The final part describes models that the authors have developed for image classification. Showing step by step how data mining tools are developed, this hands-on guide discusses the performance results, limitations, and unique contributions of data mining systems. It provides essential information for technologists to decide on the tools to select for a particular application, for developers to focus on alternative designs if an approach is unsuitable, and for managers to choose whether to proceed with a data mining project.

This book puts forward an institutional explanation of the recent dynamics of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China. It argues that the concentration of FDI in the Chinese manufacturing economy since the beginning of this century is largely the result of China's entrepreneurial urban growth strategy, which was in turn motivated by the overall political and fiscal structures of China and was facilitated by urban land use under the manipulation of municipalities. By identifying the interactions between cross-border capital flow, national regulations and local responses, this book not only provides a fresh understanding of China's FDI pattern from an urban perspective that has been rare among publications on similar topics, but also sheds light on the drivers underlying China's rapid economic growth and its implications for sustainable development. It also stands as a useful reference for other countries and regions that plan to launch their own state-led development projects.

This book puts forward an institutional explanation of the recent dynamics of foreign direct investment (FDI) in China. It argues that the concentration of FDI in the Chinese manufacturing economy since the beginning of this century is largely the result of China's entrepreneurial urban growth strategy, which was in turn motivated by the overall political and fiscal structures of China and was facilitated by urban land use under the manipulation of municipalities. By identifying the interactions between cross-border capital flow, national regulations and local responses, this book not only provides a fresh understanding of China's FDI pattern from an urban perspective that has been rare among publications on similar topics, but also sheds light on the drivers underlying China's rapid economic growth and its implications for sustainable development. It also stands as a useful reference for other countries and regions that plan to launch their own state-led development projects.

In order to improve the resiliency of the grid and to enable integration of renewable energy sources into the grid, the utilization of battery systems to store energy for later demand is of the utmost importance. The implementation of grid-scale electrical energy storage systems can aid in peak shaving and load leveling, voltage and frequency regulation, as well as emergency power supply. Although the predominant battery chemistry currently used is Li-ion; due to cost, safety and sourcing concerns, incorporation of other battery technologies is of interest for expanding the breadth and depth of battery storage system installations. This Element discusses existing technologies beyond Li-ion battery storage chemistries that have seen grid-scale deployment, as well as several other promising battery technologies, and analyzes their chemistry mechanisms, battery construction and design, and corresponding advantages and disadvantages.

Focusing on three applications of data mining, Design and Implementation of Data Mining Tools explains how to create and employ systems and tools for intrusion detection, Web page surfing prediction, and image classification. Mainly based on the authors' own research work, the book takes a practical approach to the subject. The first part of the book reviews data mining techniques, such as artificial neural networks and support vector machines, as well as data mining applications. The second section covers the design and implementation of data mining tools for intrusion detection. It examines various designs and performance results, along with the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches. The third part presents techniques to solve the WWW prediction problem. The final part describes models that the authors have developed for image classification. Showing step by step how data mining tools are developed, this hands-on guide discusses the performance results, limitations, and unique contributions of data mining systems. It provides essential information for technologists to decide on the tools to select for a particular application, for developers to focus on alternative designs if an approach is unsuitable, and for managers to choose whether to proceed with a data mining project.

This book investigates in detail the concepts and principles of green chemistry and related methodologies, including green synthesis, green activation methods, green catalysis, green solvents, and green design to achieve process intensification while at the same time ensuring process safety and promoting ecological civilization and environmental protection. Moreover, it incorporates elements of chemical management and chemical education, highlighting chemists' responsibility to protect humankind and foster green and sustainable development in chemistry. Combining Chinese and Belarus wisdom, this book is intended for those working in the chemical industry who are interested in environmental protection and sustainable development, as well as undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in green chemistry and related technologies.

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the Second BenchCouncil International Federated Intelligent Computing and Block Chain Conferences, FICC 2020, held in Qingdao, China, in October/ November 2020.The 32 full papers and 6 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 103 submissions. The papers of this volume are organized in topical sections on AI and medical technology; AI and big data; AI and block chain; AI and education technology; and AI and financial technology.

This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness in Heterogeneous Networks, QShine 2017, held in Dalian, China, in December 2017. The 25 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. The papers are organized thematically in tracks, starting with mobile and wireless networks, quality and reliability, wireless networking algorithms and protocols, and smart applications.

This book makes both empirical and conceptual contributions to the debate on privatization of higher education in China. Empirically, it aims to fill a gap in our knowledge of privatization of higher education in North China. To this end, Beijing was chosen as a case for analysis, and nine local higher educational institutions were visited. The case study strategy is also complemented by an extensive review of national policies to reveal problems beyond the specific case of Beijing and of national concern. The effects of the cultural and socioeconomic background and the unique state-party controlling system on higher education management are stressed. Conceptually, most existing studies on privatization of higher education in China adopt a policy analysis approach, while research on privatization of other public sectors or in other countries is frequently guided by economic theories. This book thus seeks to combine both social policy and econometric approaches to provide a systematic and detailed investigation of the privatization process in the context of higher education. It also improves examines the applicability of western theories in the Chinese context.

The objective of this SpringerBrief is to present security architectures and incentive mechanisms to realize system availability for D2D communications. D2D communications enable devices to communicate directly, improving resource utilization, enhancing user's throughput, extending battery lifetime, etc. However, due to the open nature of D2D communications, there are two substantial technical challenges when applied to large-scale applications, that is, security and availability which is demonstrated in this book. This SpringerBrief proposes a secure data sharing protocol, which merges the advantages of public key cryptography and symmetric encryption, to achieve data security in D2D communications. Furthermore, a joint framework involving both the physical and application layer security technologies is proposed for multimedia service over D2D communications thus the scalable security service can be achieved without changing the current communication framework. Additionally, as the system availability largely depends on the cooperation degree of the users, a graph-theory based cooperative content dissemination scheme is proposed to achieve maximal Quality of Experience (QoE) with fairness and efficiency. This SpringerBrief will be a valuable resource for advanced-level students and researchers who want to learn more about cellular networks.

This SpringerBrief focuses on crucial issues for device-to-device (D2D) communications within the rapidly expanding 4G LTE toward 5G system. Several critical technical challenges in D2D communications are discussed, and D2D standardization activities in 3GPP are provided. Topics range from proximity discovery and mode selection, to resource management. The authors investigate proximity detection solutions for enabling direct user equipment communication by listening to uplink transmission. The problem of mixed mode selection is demonstrated to meet multiple quality of service (QoS) requirements in D2D enabled cellular networks. Finally, the brief explores the problem of designing interference-constrained resource allocation to pair cellular user resources with potential D2D links in cellular D2D underlay, with the goal of improving spectrum efficiency. Device-to-Device Communications in Cellular Networks targets researchers and professionals working in wireless communications and networks. Advanced-level students in electrical engineering and computer science studying wireless communications and networks can also use this material as a study guide.

This book is proceedings of the 7th FTRA International Conference on Future Information Technology (FutureTech 2012). The topics of FutureTech 2012 cover the current hot topics satisfying the world-wide ever-changing needs. The FutureTech 2012 is intended to foster the dissemination of state-of-the-art research in all future IT areas, including their models, services, and novel applications associated with their utilization. The FutureTech 2012 will provide an opportunity for academic and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and progress in this area. In addition, the conference will publish high quality papers which are closely related to the various theories, modeling, and practical applications in many types of future technology. The main scope of FutureTech 2012 is as follows. Hybrid Information Technology Cloud and Cluster Computing Ubiquitous Networks and Wireless Communications Multimedia Convergence Intelligent and Pervasive Applications Security and Trust Computing IT Management and Service Bioinformatics and Bio-Inspired Computing Database and Data Mining Knowledge System and Intelligent Agent Human-centric Computing and Social Networks The FutureTech is a major forum for scientists, engineers, and practitioners throughout the world to present the latest research, results, ideas, developments and applications in all areas of future technologies.