In 1889 a gold rush broke out on the Witwatersrand, changing South Africa’s history forever. More than 130 years later the mining industry is still one of the biggest drivers of the economy but this was at the expense of those who worked underground. Broke & Broken is the story of the thousands of men from South Africa and beyond its borders who paid with their lives for generations. These are men who left their homes as healthy, ambitious youngsters and returned broke, broken and bitter; victims of the shameful legacy of gold mining. The book seeks to say the names of the mineworkers who, through their sweat, blood and tears, have built this country’s economy, because their own stories and their own spirits need to be magnified. The precious stone they spent most of their lives digging brought no shine to their lives – only pain, tears and death. #SayTheirNames, remembering some of the men eaten, chewed and spat out by the gold mines: Mokete Bokako has a speech defect which was allegedly caused by complications from silicosis. He worked on South Africa’s gold mines for many years before he was retrenched. He now lives alone in poverty in Roma, Lesotho; Alloys Mncedi Msuthu of Ramafole in the Eastern Cape suffers from silicosis. He was paid R76 000 after he was declared medically incapacitated, but that money was too little to sustain him and his family and to cover medical costs. He now struggles to survive; Mthobeli Gangatha was told to ‘go home and die’ in 2001, when he was 37 years. He now owns a small grocery store in Nkunzimbini village where he comes from; Zwelendaba Mgidi was 23 years old when he left his village of Kwabhala near Flagstaff. He returned home in 2011, aged 52. He was diagnosed with silicosis in 2008, aged 48.

On 16 August 2012 the most shocking carnage in South Africa’s recent history occurred in the platinum mining town of Rustenburg: the Marikana shooting that left 34 striking miners dead. This book tells the story behind the newspaper headlines. Who was involved? Where did the miners, mostly migrant workers, come from and what were their personal circumstances? The authors explore the realities of their lives and also tells the story of “the man in the green blanket”, who became a symbol of the strike. The broader context is investigated: what was the role of the mines – Lonmin in particular – and the competing unions, NUM and Amcu? What role did traditional beliefs play – did a witch doctor aggravate the situation? A striking photo section of mostly unpublished photos also chronicles the events from a different angle. Through incisive investigative journalism the events and parties involved are identified and their role analysed. The findings of the Marikana commission will also be included.