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Top analyst Leslie Gruis's timely new book argues that privacy is
an individual right and democratic value worth preserving, even in
a cyberized world. Since the time of the printing press, technology
has played a key role in the evolution of individual rights and
helped privacy emerge as a formal legal concept. All governments
exercise extraordinary powers during national security crises. In
the United States, many imminent threats during the twentieth
century induced heightened government intrusion into the privacy of
Americans. The Privacy Act of 1974 and the Foreign Intelligence
Surveillance Act (FISA, 1978) reversed that trend. Other laws
protect the private information of individuals held in specific
sectors of the commercial world. Risk management practices were
extended to computer networks, and standards for information system
security began to emerge. The National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) incorporated many such standards into its
Cybersecurity Framework, and is currently developing a Privacy
Framework. These standards all contribute to a patchwork of privacy
protection which, so far, falls far short of what the U.S.
constitutional promise offers and what our public badly needs.
Greater privacy protections for U.S. citizens will come as long as
Americans remember how democracy and privacy sustain one another,
and demonstrate their commitment to them.
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