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This book provides a critical account of the third sector and its
future in Europe. It offers an original conceptualization of the
third sector in its European manifestations alongside an overview
of its major contours, including its structure, sources of support,
and recent trends. It also assesses the impact of this sector in
Europe which considers its contributions to European economic
development, citizen well-being and human development. The Third
Sector As A Renewable Resource for Europe presents the findings of
the Third Sector Impact (TSI) project funded by the European
Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7). It recognises that in a
time of social and economic distress, as well as enormous pressures
on governmental budgets, the third sector and volunteering
represent a unique 'renewable resource' for social and economic
problem-solving and civic engagement in Europe.
"Presidential government is an illusion. It is an image that
misleads presidents no less than the media and the American
public." Thus begins this realistic look at the presidency, in
which nine leading presidential scholars examine how and why we are
under the illusion of presidential government and ask such
questions as: What is the president's actual role? What has
happened to his traditional tools of executive leadership? How is
the office of the president organized to deal with domestic,
economic, and national security affairs? is federal regulation an
area of potential power for the president? And, if "presidential
government" is indeed a myth, what can be done to help the
presidency play a more effective part in constitutional government?
Each chapter probes a different facet of the image of presidential
government by looking at the major operations of the modern
presidency-from struggles with Congress for control of
administrative detail to problems of managing the economy and
national security. The book closes with the final report of the
National Academy of Public Administration's Panel on Presidential
Management. Not surprisingly, the authors do not always agree;
nevertheless, they are united in the view that the managerial role
of the president must be seen as a whole-and without illusions.
"Presidential government is an illusion. It is an image that
misleads presidents no less than the media and the American
public." Thus begins this realistic look at the presidency, in
which nine leading presidential scholars examine how and why we are
under the illusion of presidential government and ask such
questions as: What is the president's actual role? What has
happened to his traditional tools of executive leadership? How is
the office of the president organized to deal with domestic,
economic, and national security affairs? is federal regulation an
area of potential power for the president? And, if "presidential
government" is indeed a myth, what can be done to help the
presidency play a more effective part in constitutional government?
Each chapter probes a different facet of the image of presidential
government by looking at the major operations of the modern
presidency-from struggles with Congress for control of
administrative detail to problems of managing the economy and
national security. The book closes with the final report of the
National Academy of Public Administration's Panel on Presidential
Management. Not surprisingly, the authors do not always agree;
nevertheless, they are united in the view that the managerial role
of the president must be seen as a whole-and without illusions.
The thousands of organizations that comprise America's private
nonprofit sector represent a national treasure. Yet serious
pressures are altering the playing field on which nonprofits
operate, and many are responding in ways that may undermine their
popular support. Despite the significance of these developments,
little has been done to analyze and interpret them in a clear and
understandable way. Lester M. Salamon, a leading authority on the
nonprofit sector, has joined forces with more than a dozen other
experts and the Aspen Institute to produce this volume, an
integrated, authoritative assessment of the state of nonprofit
America and the key trends affecting its evolution. The book is
organized into three sections. The first summarizes critical trends
and issues; the second examines each of the sector's major
subsectors (e.g., health, education, social services, arts and
culture, international assistance, advocacy); the third focuses on
major cross-cutting trends and issues (commercialization, changing
government policy, accountability, and demographic and
technological imperatives). The Resilient Sector will be updated
every two years. It provides a basic sourcebook for sector leaders,
the press, public officials, and citizens concerned about the
future of America's nonprofit sector and eager to understand the
forces affecting it.
This book provides a critical account of the third sector and its
future in Europe. It offers an original conceptualization of the
third sector in its European manifestations alongside an overview
of its major contours, including its structure, sources of support,
and recent trends. It also assesses the impact of this sector in
Europe which considers its contributions to European economic
development, citizen well-being and human development. The Third
Sector As A Renewable Resource for Europe presents the findings of
the Third Sector Impact (TSI) project funded by the European
Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7). It recognises that in a
time of social and economic distress, as well as enormous pressures
on governmental budgets, the third sector and volunteering
represent a unique 'renewable resource' for social and economic
problem-solving and civic engagement in Europe.
With the resources of both governments and traditional philanthropy
barely growing or in decline, yet the problems of poverty,
ill-health and environmental degradation ballooning daily, it is
increasingly clear that new models for financing and promoting
social and environmental objectives have become urgently needed.
Fortunately, however, a significant revolution appears to be
underway in the way in which social and environmental purposes are
being financed. The heart of this revolution is a massive explosion
in the instruments and institutions being deployed to mobilize
private resources in support of social and environmental
objectives. Where earlier such support was limited to charitable
gifts, now a bewildering array of new instruments and institutions
has surfaced-loans, loan guarantees, private equity, barter
arrangements, social stock exchanges, bonds, secondary markets,
investment funds, and many more-all of them designed to leverage
not just the tens of billions of dollars of philanthropic grants
but the hundreds of billions, indeed trillions, of dollars of
private investment capital. While the changes under way are
inspiring and by no means trivial, however, they remain largely
uncharted in any systematic fashion. This monograph, and of the
companion volume for which it also serves as the introductory
chapter, is designed to overcome this problem, to provide the first
comprehensible and accessible roadmap to the full range of
important new developments taking place on the frontiers of
philanthropy and social investment. In the process, it seeks to
broaden awareness of these developments, increase their credence
and traction, and make it possible to maximize the benefits they
can generate while acknowledging the limitations and challenges
they also face.
Today America's nonprofit sector, long a critically important
part of the nation's social and economic fabric, is more important
than ever. Economic woes and cutbacks in public services have put
additional burdens squarely on the nonprofit sector's shoulders,
exacerbating the sector's longstanding "conflicting multiple
identities" as not-for-profit organizations operating in a
for-profit market economy, relying heavily on volunteers but
expected to meet often-exacting professional standards --part of
the private sector yet serving public purposes.
As Lester Salamon explains in his second edition of "The
Resilient Sector," America's nonprofit organizations are caught in
a force field, buffeted by four rather different impulses
--voluntarism, professionalism, civic activism, and commercialism
--that are pulling it in rather different directions.
Understanding this force field and the factors shaping its
dynamics thus becomes essential to understanding the future of
individual organizations and of the nonprofit sector as a whole. To
date, far too little attention has been paid to these developing
tensions. Salamon explains how and why they developed and how they
interact with one another in the ongoing battle for the soul of
America's nonprofits.
With the resources of both governments and traditional philanthropy
barely growing or in decline, yet the problems of poverty,
ill-health and environmental degradation ballooning daily, it is
increasingly clear that new models for financing and promoting
social and environmental objectives have become urgently needed.
Fortunately, however, a significant revolution appears to be
underway in the way in which social and environmental purposes are
being financed. The heart of this revolution is a massive explosion
in the instruments and institutions being deployed to mobilize
private resources in support of social and environmental
objectives. Where earlier such support was limited to charitable
gifts, now a bewildering array of new instruments and institutions
has surfaced-loans, loan guarantees, private equity, barter
arrangements, social stock exchanges, bonds, secondary markets,
investment funds, and many more-all of them designed to leverage
not just the tens of billions of dollars of philanthropic grants
but the hundreds of billions, indeed trillions, of dollars of
private investment capital. While the changes under way are
inspiring and by no means trivial, however, they remain largely
uncharted in any systematic fashion. This monograph, and of the
companion volume for which it also serves as the introductory
chapter, is designed to overcome this problem, to provide the first
comprehensible and accessible roadmap to the full range of
important new developments taking place on the frontiers of
philanthropy and social investment. In the process, it seeks to
broaden awareness of these developments, increase their credence
and traction, and make it possible to maximize the benefits they
can generate while acknowledging the limitations and challenges
they also face.
With the resources of both governments and traditional philanthropy
barely growing or in decline, yet the problems of poverty,
ill-health, and environmental degradation ballooning daily, new
models for financing social and environmental objectives are
urgently needed. Fortunately, a revolution is underway in the
instruments and institutions available to meet this need. Loans,
loan guarantees, private equity, barter arrangements, social stock
exchanges, bonds, social secondary markets, and investment funds
are just some of the actors and tools occupying the new frontiers
of philanthropy and social investment. Together they hold the
promise of leveraging for social and environmental purposes not
just the billions of dollars of charitable grants but the hundreds
of billions, indeed trillions, of dollars of private investment
capital.
While the changes under way are inspiring, they remain largely
uncharted. This concise introduction to the topic, and its
companion volume, provide the first comprehensive and accessible
roadmap to these important advances. In the process, these works
will better equip investors, philanthropists, social entrepreneurs,
nonprofit leaders, business executives, government officials, and
students the world over to capture the opportunities that these
developments hold out to them and to our world.
This book will provide a comprehensive treatment of the various new tools of public action and the impplications they ahve for public management and policy design and will include original contributed essays on the various tools, their patterns of use, the management tasks they entail, and the situations for which they are most appropriate.
Lester Salamon pioneered the study of nonprofit organizations and
of their cooperation with government in the development and
delivery of important social and economic services. His unique
research in the early and mid-1980s was the first to document the
pervasive interrelationships between government and the nonprofit
sector in the United States, identifying some of crucial
characteristics of nonprofit human service agencies and examining
the impact of the budget and tax policies of tire Reagan and Bush
administrations. Partners in Public Service brings together some of
Lester Salamon's most important work on the changing relationship
between government and the voluntary sector in the American version
of the modern welfare state. Approaching issues from a variety of
perspectives -- theoretical, empirical, retrospective, prospective,
and comparative -- Salamon illuminates the theoretical basis of
government-nonprofit cooperation, shows why government came to rely
on nonprofit groups to administer public programs, documents the
scope of the resulting partnership, reviews the consequences for
this partnership of recent attempts to cut federal spending, and
explores the expanding scope of government-nonprofit collaboration
at the international level.
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