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This book presents cutting-edge research and exploration of the
role of nation-state when big tech firms present themselves as new
participants in contemporary international relations that act on an
equal footing with nation-states. The general research goal of this
book is to identify the justifications that nation-states have
adopted to regulate the big tech firms and the impacts of this
process on international trade in the main economies in the world.
With the massive instrumentation of data, big tech firms have
become actors with the capacity to intervene not only in economies
but also, above all, in the politics of different countries with
different systems. The emergence of big tech firms has transformed
the approach to the concepts of national security, information
management and access to new technologies among nation-states. The
principles and fundamentals of cyber sovereignty have become one of
the bases of states in the contemporary system of international
relations. Today, the influence of big tech firms in different
societies in the contemporary world is one of the main forms of
power. This book tries to collect and present the recent state of
the art in studies on the relationship between big tech firms and
nation-states in the literature. It also addresses how governments
such as those of the US, China and the EU are changing their
legislation, creating control and data security mechanisms,
imposing entry restrictions on foreign companies, and regulating
the actions beyond the cloud of big tech firms inside and outside
their borders.
This book puts the trade war between the United States and China in
historical context. Exploring the dynamics of isolation and
internal reform from a Chinese perspective, the author draws upon
valuable insights from China's years of isolation prior to the
famous Nixon-Mao summit. Advocating internal reform as a more
productive strategy than conflict with other powers, this powerful
argument for globalization with Chinese characteristics will be of
interest to scholars of China, economists, and political
scientists.
This book puts the trade war between the United States and China in
historical context. Exploring the dynamics of isolation and
internal reform from a Chinese perspective, the author draws upon
valuable insights from China's years of isolation prior to the
famous Nixon-Mao summit. Advocating internal reform as a more
productive strategy than conflict with other powers, this powerful
argument for globalization with Chinese characteristics will be of
interest to scholars of China, economists, and political
scientists.
This book takes a comprehensive look at the governance and civil
society of Macao, the shadowy mecca of gambling in Asia, and the
reforms, changes, and social movements which are challenging that
reputation today. Thanks to the rapid expansion of the local casino
industry, Macao has experienced spectacular economic growth since
it returned to Chinese rule in 1999. Following double-digit rates
of economic growth between 2002 and 2013, Macao has become one of
the wealthiest regions in Asia, with GDP per capita rising from
USD$14,258 in 2001 to USD$89,333 in 2014. However, as the casino
industry has overshadowed all other sectors of the local economy,
it has not only made Macao's economy highly vulnerable and
difficult to sustain, but has also aroused increasing social
discontent. The authors lay out a comprehensive and well-argued
discussion of the dilemma of the economic monoculture, and
strategies by which to overcome it, in the process producing a book
that will be of profound interest to scholars of greater China,
students of political economy, and travelers to Macao.
This book reports on the latest research and applications in the
fields of sustainable manufacturing and remanufacturing, as well as
process planning and optimization technologies. It introduces
innovative algorithms, methodologies, industrial case studies and
applications. It focuses on two topics: sustainable manufacturing
for machining technologies and remanufacturing of waste electronic
equipment, and various methods are covered for each one, including
macro process planning, dynamic scheduling, selective disassembly
planning and cloud-based disassembly planning. The experimental
analysis provided for every method explains the benefits, as well
as how they are sustainable for various real-world applications.
Further, a theoretical analysis and algorithm design is presented
for each, accompanied by the contributors' relevant research,
including: * step-by-step guides; * application scenarios; *
relevant literature surveys; * implementation details and case
studies; and * critical reviews on the relevant technologies. This
book is a valuable resource for researchers in sustainable
manufacturing, remanufacturing and product lifecycle management
communities, as well as practicing engineers and decision-makers in
industry and all those interested in sustainable product
development. It is also useful reading material for postgraduates
and academics wanting to conduct relevant research, and a reference
resource for manufacturing engineers developing innovative tools
and methodologies.
Fang Zhi-yang 1. 1 History of Traditional Treatment of Burns in
China China is a country of ancient culture. The treatment of burn
injury was documented more than 1500 years ago. As early as the
Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies
written by Ge Hong (281-341 A. D. ) and in the Southern Qi Dynasty
(479-502 A. D. ) Liu J uan-Zi's Remedies Left Over by Ghosts, a
book dealing mainly with diagnosis and treatment of traumatic
wounds, are the earliest known monographs on "external diseases" in
China. They record the treatment of burns with topical agents such
as the preparation of a lard ointment of the liquid extract of
Angelica anomalea Lallem, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Glycyrrhiza
uralensis Fisch, Radia salviae miltiorrhizae, and the white cortex
of willow. These herbs are found to be astringents and antibiotics.
During the Sui Dynasty, a doctor of the Imperial Medical Academy
(550- 630 A. D. ), Chao Yuan-fang, was authorized by imperial
decree to compile the book General Treatise on the Etiology and
Symptomatology of Diseases (610 A. D. ), the first book on etiology
and symptomatology in China. This book with its valuable
descriptions has been an authoritative and important reference for
medical students for more than 1000 years.
This book takes a comprehensive look at the governance and civil
society of Macao, the shadowy mecca of gambling in Asia, and the
reforms, changes, and social movements which are challenging that
reputation today. Thanks to the rapid expansion of the local casino
industry, Macao has experienced spectacular economic growth since
it returned to Chinese rule in 1999. Following double-digit rates
of economic growth between 2002 and 2013, Macao has become one of
the wealthiest regions in Asia, with GDP per capita rising from
USD$14,258 in 2001 to USD$89,333 in 2014. However, as the casino
industry has overshadowed all other sectors of the local economy,
it has not only made Macao's economy highly vulnerable and
difficult to sustain, but has also aroused increasing social
discontent. The authors lay out a comprehensive and well-argued
discussion of the dilemma of the economic monoculture, and
strategies by which to overcome it, in the process producing a book
that will be of profound interest to scholars of greater China,
students of political economy, and travelers to Macao.
This timely book explores economic, political, social, and cultural
impacts of the COVID-19. It aims to reveal a future world shaped by
the worldwide pandemic. The main content of this book is divided
into 5 parts: the pandemic-a short sketch of the pandemic through
2020, the acceleration of the global power transition: from East to
West, comparison between authoritarian and democratic in the
pandemic era, global international organizations under the COVID-19
influence, and regional international organizations under the
COVID-19 influence. In addition, this book also analyzes the
impacts from two aspects: the changes of the world order and the
repercussions for international organizations and globalization.
Three questions will be focused: How the pandemic has changed the
existing world order? What the new post-pandemic world order will
be? How international cooperation has been affected and will be
affected? This book is a comprehensive study that investigates the
impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the political implication on
international organizations. It would not only inspire readers to
think about impacts of the outbreak of COVID-19 from economic and
political perspectives, but also encourage readers to have a deeper
understanding of the global political pattern and potential changes
of world order after the pandemic. Therefore, the intended
readership not only includes the academics but also includes
pro-academics. The academic audiences include university and
college scholars (especially those majoring in history, political
sciences, economics, and international relations), teachers, and
administrative staff at the undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate,
and Ph.D. levels, as well as study centers and research institutes
and campus and public libraries. The pro-academic groups include
civil servants, especially scholarly bureaucrats and technocrats;
white collar and middle-class citizens interested in reading,
especially those interested in and concerned about current affairs;
and international business elites. The most important feature of
this book is that it points out the COVID-19 pandemic has been
shaping the world order. It also shows in the coming post-pandemic
world, the United States would maintain the position of superpower
while the still rising China is likely to share some
responsibilities in constructing a new multi-polar world with US
and other powers. The prevailing of unilateralism will heavily
constrain the role of international organizations.
This book seeks to illuminate what China's Belt and Road initiative
truly means for the global south, offering historical context and
explaining the vision that the Chinese State has in coordinating
actions in the territorial, political and economic spheres in a
multilateral pretension. How does the BRI generate economic returns
for China, and what are the political and economic impacts of the
BRI? In this provocative and deeply researched new work, the
authors provide a new framework for understanding the BRI, one
which will be useful to scholars, policymakers and economists.
This book presents cutting-edge research and exploration of the
role of nation-state when big tech firms present themselves as new
participants in contemporary international relations that act on an
equal footing with nation-states. The general research goal of this
book is to identify the justifications that nation-states have
adopted to regulate the big tech firms and the impacts of this
process on international trade in the main economies in the world.
With the massive instrumentation of data, big tech firms have
become actors with the capacity to intervene not only in economies
but also, above all, in the politics of different countries with
different systems. The emergence of big tech firms has transformed
the approach to the concepts of national security, information
management and access to new technologies among nation-states. The
principles and fundamentals of cyber sovereignty have become one of
the bases of states in the contemporary system of international
relations. Today, the influence of big tech firms in different
societies in the contemporary world is one of the main forms of
power. This book tries to collect and present the recent state of
the art in studies on the relationship between big tech firms and
nation-states in the literature. It also addresses how governments
such as those of the US, China and the EU are changing their
legislation, creating control and data security mechanisms,
imposing entry restrictions on foreign companies, and regulating
the actions beyond the cloud of big tech firms inside and outside
their borders.
This book focuses on the participation and interaction of the three
great powers-i.e., China, Russia, and the United States-in Arctic
affairs from an international relations perspective. Global climate
change has become a shared problem for all mankind. One of its key
elements is the warming of the Arctic, which is affecting every
dimension of nature and humanity globally. Climate change in the
Arctic will directly affect natural ecosystems, coastal areas,
forests, water resources, agricultural production, animal
husbandry, tourism, and other economic activities in various
countries around the globe. For the Northeast Asian region,
however, the opening of the Arctic Passage by melting sea ice
presents an opportunity. The current international legal regime for
governance in the Arctic is insufficient to cope with the
challenges of global warming. This book will be of interest to
scholars following the future development of the Arctic and the
role of China as a newcomer to Arctic affairs.
This timely book explores economic, political, social, and cultural
impacts of the COVID-19. It aims to reveal a future world shaped by
the worldwide pandemic. The main content of this book is divided
into 5 parts: the pandemic-a short sketch of the pandemic through
2020, the acceleration of the global power transition: from East to
West, comparison between authoritarian and democratic in the
pandemic era, global international organizations under the COVID-19
influence, and regional international organizations under the
COVID-19 influence. In addition, this book also analyzes the
impacts from two aspects: the changes of the world order and the
repercussions for international organizations and globalization.
Three questions will be focused: How the pandemic has changed the
existing world order? What the new post-pandemic world order will
be? How international cooperation has been affected and will be
affected? This book is a comprehensive study that investigates the
impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the political implication on
international organizations. It would not only inspire readers to
think about impacts of the outbreak of COVID-19 from economic and
political perspectives, but also encourage readers to have a deeper
understanding of the global political pattern and potential changes
of world order after the pandemic. Therefore, the intended
readership not only includes the academics but also includes
pro-academics. The academic audiences include university and
college scholars (especially those majoring in history, political
sciences, economics, and international relations), teachers, and
administrative staff at the undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate,
and Ph.D. levels, as well as study centers and research institutes
and campus and public libraries. The pro-academic groups include
civil servants, especially scholarly bureaucrats and technocrats;
white collar and middle-class citizens interested in reading,
especially those interested in and concerned about current affairs;
and international business elites. The most important feature of
this book is that it points out the COVID-19 pandemic has been
shaping the world order. It also shows in the coming post-pandemic
world, the United States would maintain the position of superpower
while the still rising China is likely to share some
responsibilities in constructing a new multi-polar world with US
and other powers. The prevailing of unilateralism will heavily
constrain the role of international organizations.
This book discusses the core principles and practical applications
of a brand new machine category: liquid-metal soft machines and
motors. After a brief introduction on the conventional soft robot
and its allied materials, it presents the new conceptual
liquid-metal machine, which revolutionizes existing rigid robots,
both large and small. It outlines the typical features of the soft
liquid-metal materials and describes the various transformation
capabilities, mergence of separate metal droplets, self-rotation
and planar locomotion of liquid-metal objects under external or
internal mechanism. Further, it introduces a series of unusual
phenomena discovered while developing the shape changeable smart
soft machine and interprets the related mechanisms regarding the
effects of the shape, size, voltage, orientation and geometries of
the external fields to control the liquid-metal transformers.
Moreover, the book illustrates typical strategies to construct a
group of different advanced functional liquid-metal soft machines,
since such machines or robots are hard to fabricate using
rigid-metal or conventional materials. With highly significant
fundamental and practical findings, this book is intended for
researchers interested in establishing a general method for making
future smart soft machine and accompanying robots.
This book reports on the latest research and applications in the
fields of sustainable manufacturing and remanufacturing, as well as
process planning and optimization technologies. It introduces
innovative algorithms, methodologies, industrial case studies and
applications. It focuses on two topics: sustainable manufacturing
for machining technologies and remanufacturing of waste electronic
equipment, and various methods are covered for each one, including
macro process planning, dynamic scheduling, selective disassembly
planning and cloud-based disassembly planning. The experimental
analysis provided for every method explains the benefits, as well
as how they are sustainable for various real-world applications.
Further, a theoretical analysis and algorithm design is presented
for each, accompanied by the contributors' relevant research,
including: * step-by-step guides; * application scenarios; *
relevant literature surveys; * implementation details and case
studies; and * critical reviews on the relevant technologies. This
book is a valuable resource for researchers in sustainable
manufacturing, remanufacturing and product lifecycle management
communities, as well as practicing engineers and decision-makers in
industry and all those interested in sustainable product
development. It is also useful reading material for postgraduates
and academics wanting to conduct relevant research, and a reference
resource for manufacturing engineers developing innovative tools
and methodologies.
This book discusses the core principles and practical applications
of a brand new machine category: liquid-metal soft machines and
motors. After a brief introduction on the conventional soft robot
and its allied materials, it presents the new conceptual
liquid-metal machine, which revolutionizes existing rigid robots,
both large and small. It outlines the typical features of the soft
liquid-metal materials and describes the various transformation
capabilities, mergence of separate metal droplets, self-rotation
and planar locomotion of liquid-metal objects under external or
internal mechanism. Further, it introduces a series of unusual
phenomena discovered while developing the shape changeable smart
soft machine and interprets the related mechanisms regarding the
effects of the shape, size, voltage, orientation and geometries of
the external fields to control the liquid-metal transformers.
Moreover, the book illustrates typical strategies to construct a
group of different advanced functional liquid-metal soft machines,
since such machines or robots are hard to fabricate using
rigid-metal or conventional materials. With highly significant
fundamental and practical findings, this book is intended for
researchers interested in establishing a general method for making
future smart soft machine and accompanying robots.
Dieses Buch konzentriert sich auf die Beteiligung und Interaktion
der drei Grossmachte - China, Russland und die Vereinigten Staaten
- in arktischen Angelegenheiten aus der Perspektive der
internationalen Beziehungen. Der globale Klimawandel ist zu einem
gemeinsamen Problem fur die gesamte Menschheit geworden. Eines
seiner Schlusselelemente ist die Erwarmung der Arktis, die sich auf
alle Dimensionen der Natur und der Menschheit weltweit auswirkt.
Der Klimawandel in der Arktis wird direkte Auswirkungen auf
naturliche OEkosysteme, Kustengebiete, Walder, Wasserressourcen,
landwirtschaftliche Produktion, Viehzucht, Tourismus und andere
wirtschaftliche Aktivitaten in verschiedenen Landern rund um den
Globus haben. Fur die nordostasiatische Region stellt die OEffnung
der Arktispassage durch das schmelzende Meereis jedoch eine Chance
dar. Das derzeitige internationale Rechtssystem fur die Verwaltung
der Arktis ist unzureichend, um die Herausforderungen der globalen
Erwarmung zu bewaltigen. Dieses Buch wird fur Wissenschaftler von
Interesse sein, die die kunftige Entwicklung der Arktis und die
Rolle Chinas als Neuankoemmling in arktischen Angelegenheiten
verfolgen.
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