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This popular course book gives students of English and linguistics
a systematic account of the rules of English syntax, and acquaints
them with the general methodology of syntactic description. It
teaches them how to formulate syntactic arguments, and how to apply
the tests in the analysis of sentences.
This popular course book gives students of English and linguistics
a systematic account of the rules of English syntax, and acquaints
them with the general methodology of syntactic description. It
teaches them how to formulate syntactic arguments, and how to apply
the tests in the analysis of sentences.
The goal of this book is twofold. On the one hand we want to offer
a discussion of some of the more important properties of the
nominal projection, on the other hand we want to provide the reader
with tools for syntactic analysis which apply to the structure of
DP but which are also relevant for other domains of syntax. In
order to achieve this dual goal we will discuss phenomena which are
related to the nominal projection in relation to other syntactic
phenomena (e.g. pro drop will be related to N-ellipsis, the
classification of pronouns will be applied to the syntax of
possessive pronouns, N-movement will be compared to V-movement, the
syntax of the genitive construction will be related to that of
predicate inversion etc.). In the various chapters we will show how
recent theoretical proposals (distributed morphology,
anti-symmetry, checking theory) can cast light on aspects of the
syntax of the NP. When necessary, we will provide a brief
introduction of these theoretical proposals. We will also indicate
problems with these analyses, whether they be inherent to the
theories as such (e.g. what is the trigger for movement in
antisymmetric approaches) or to the particular instantiations. The
book cannot and will not provide the definitive analysis of the
syntax of noun phrases. We consider that this would not be
possible, given the current flux in generative syntax, with many
new theoretical proposals being developed and explored, but the
book aims at giving the reader the tools with which to conduct
research and to evaluate proposals in the literature. In the
discussion of various issues, we will apply the framework that is
most adequate to deal with problems at hand. We will therefore not
necessarily use the same approach throughout the discussion. Though
proposals in the literature will be referred to when relevant, we
cannot attempt to provide a critical survey of the literature. We
feel that such a survey would be guided too strongly by theoretical
choices, which would not be compatible with the pedagogical
purposes this book has. The book is comparative in its approach,
and data from different languages will be examined, including
English, German, Dutch (West-Flemish), Greek, Romance, Semitic,
Slavic, Albanian, Hungarian, Gungbe.
The aim of this Handbook is to provide a forum in which some of the
generative syntacticians whose work has had an impact on
theoretical syntax over the past 20 years are invited to present
their views on one or more aspects of current syntactic theory. The
following authors have contributed to the volume: Mark Baker,
Michael Brody, Jane Grimshaw, James McCloskey, Jean-Yves Pollock,
and Luigi Rizzi. Each contribution focuses on one specific aspect
of the grammar. As a general theme, the papers are concerned with
the question of the composition of the clause, i.e. what kind of
components the clause is made up of, and how these components are
put together in the clause. The introduction to the volume provides
the backdrop for the papers and highlights some of the developments
that have occurred in theoretical syntax in the last ten years.
Elements of Grammar is destined for an audience of linguists
working in the generative framework.
The aim of this Handbook is to provide a forum in which some of the
generative syntacticians whose work has had an impact on
theoretical syntax over the past 20 years are invited to present
their views on one or more aspects of current syntactic theory. The
following authors have contributed to the volume: Mark Baker,
Michael Brody, Jane Grimshaw, James McCloskey, Jean-Yves Pollock,
and Luigi Rizzi. Each contribution focuses on one specific aspect
of the grammar. As a general theme, the papers are concerned with
the question of the composition of the clause, i.e. what kind of
components the clause is made up of, and how these components are
put together in the clause. The introduction to the volume provides
the backdrop for the papers and highlights some of the developments
that have occurred in theoretical syntax in the last ten years.
Elements of Grammar is destined for an audience of linguists
working in the generative framework.
While Verb-third (V3) patterns have long been studied in
verb-second (V2) languages, a similar pattern in which an initial
adverbial constituent is resumed by a clause-internal element has
been much less studied. The latter is referred to as 'adverbial
resumption' and it also has the character of being a V3 phenomenon.
Therefore, the pattern is labelled 'adverbial V3 resumption' or
'adverbial V3.' The present volume is an up-to-date overview of the
subject featuring case studies of individual languages that display
certain patterns of V3. The authors discuss this pattern in
relation to several different languages, addressing among other
things issues of microvariation in contemporary varieties and
diachronic variation. The book covers Medieval Romance, Old
Italian, Old English, diachronic and synchronic varieties of
German, varieties of Flemish and Dutch, Icelandic, varieties of
Swedish, and Norwegian. Through analyses of adverbial resumptive V3
orders in Germanic and Romance, the contributors explore the nature
of V2: while adverbial resumption only occurs in varieties that
observe the V2 rule, in itself it leads to apparent violations of
linear V2 order, namely to V3 orders. Adverbial Resumption in Verb
Second Languages provides comparative analyses which touch upon the
nature of sentence-external versus sentence-internal adjuncts, and
the fine-grained architecture of the clausal functional hierarchy.
These papers constitute a valuable contribution to the
theoretically important topics of V2 and V3 that will be of
interest to comparative linguists, Germanic linguistics, Romance
linguists, and anyone working on formal grammar in general.
In this book Liliane Haegeman presents an account of sentential
negation within a Government and Binding framework. Building on the
work of Klima and Lasnik, Haegeman demonstrates the parallelism
between negative sentences and interrogative sentences, and gives a
unified analysis in terms of a well-formedness condition on
syntactic representations: the AFFECT criterion, instantiated as
the WH-criterion in interrogative sentences and as the
NEG-criterion in negative sentences. It is shown that in the same
way that in many languages the WH-criterion gives rise to
WH-movement, the NEG-criterion may also give rise to NEG-movement.
This is particularly clear in the Germanic languages. In the
analysis of sentential negation in Romance languages the author
makes extensive use of the notion of representational chain,
showing that in these languages too the NEG-criterion applies at
the level of S-structure. In addition to providing a syntactic
analysis of sentential negation the book also raises a number of
theoretical issues such as that of the distinction between
A-positions and A'-positions and the level of application of
well-formedness conditions. This book will be of interest to all
those working on theoretical syntax, particularly of the Germanic
and Romance languages.
Adverbial Clauses, Main Clause Phenomena, and Composition of the
Left Periphery uses the cartographic theory to examine the left
periphery of the English clause and compare it to the
left-peripheral structures of other languages. Liliane Haegeman
argues that the dissimilar surface characteristics of these
languages (primarily English and Romance, but also Gungbe,
Hungarian, Hebrew, Dutch, and others) can be explained by universal
constraints, and that the same structures apply across the
languages. Haegeman focuses on main clause
transformations--movement operations that can only take place in
main clauses.
In this book Liliane Haegeman presents an account of sentential
negation within a Government and Binding framework. Building on the
work of Klima and Lasnik, Haegeman demonstrates the parallelism
between negative sentences and interrogative sentences, and gives a
unified analysis in terms of a well-formedness condition on
syntactic representations: the AFFECT criterion, instantiated as
the WH-criterion in interrogative sentences and as the
NEG-criterion in negative sentences. It is shown that in the same
way that in many languages the WH-criterion gives rise to
WH-movement, the NEG-criterion may also give rise to NEG-movement.
This is particularly clear in the Germanic languages. In the
analysis of sentential negation in Romance languages the author
makes extensive use of the notion of representational chain,
showing that in these languages too the NEG-criterion applies at
the level of S-structure. In addition to providing a syntactic
analysis of sentential negation the book also raises a number of
theoretical issues such as that of the distinction between
A-positions and A'-positions and the level of application of
well-formedness conditions. This book will be of interest to all
those working on theoretical syntax, particularly of the Germanic
and Romance languages.
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