This book constitutes refereed proceedings of the 8th China National Conference on Big Data and Social Computing, BDSC 2023, held in Urumqi, China, from July 15–17, 2023. The 23 full papers and 3 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 141 submissions. The papers in the volume are organized according to the following topical headings: Digital Technology and Sustainable Development; Social Network and Group Behavior; Digital infrastructure and the Intelligent Society; Digital Society and Public Security; Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science; and Internet Intelligent Algorithm Governance.