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The essays in Archaeology and History in Roman, Medieval and
Post-Medieval Greece honor the contributions of Timothy E. Gregory
to our understanding of Greece from the Roman period to modern
times. Evoking Gregory's diverse interests, the volume brings
together anthropologists, art historians, archaeologists,
historians, and philologists to address such contested topics as
the end of Antiquity, the so-called Byzantine Dark Ages, the
contours of the emerging Byzantine civilization, and identity in
post-Medieval Greece. These papers demonstrate the continued
vitality of both traditional and innovative approaches to the study
of material culture and emphasise that historical interpretation
should be the product of methodological self-awareness. In
particular, this volume shows how the study of the material culture
of post-Classical Greece over the last 30 years has made
significant contributions to both the larger archaeological and
historical discourse. The essays in this volume are organized under
three headings - Archaeology and Method, the Archaeology of
Identity, and the Changing Landscape - which highlight three main
focuses of Gregory's research. Each essay interlaces new analyses
with the contributions Gregory has made to our understanding of
Medieval and Post-Medieval Greece. Read together these essays not
only make a significant contribution to how we understand the
post-Classical Greek world, but also to how we study the material
culture of the Mediterranean world more broadly.
Examining the numerous primary sources, including inscriptions,
religions, histories, literary references, legal codes, and
archaeological reports, Linda Jones Hall presents a composite
history of late antique Berytus - from its founding as a Roman
colony in the time of Augustus, to its development into a center of
legal study under Justinian. The book examines all aspects of life
in the city, including geographical setting, economic base, built
environment, political structures, religious transitions from
paganism to Christianity, and the self-identity of the inhabitants
in terms of ethnicity and occupation. This volume provides: * the
first detailed investigation of late antique Phoenicia * a look at
religious affiliations are traced among pagans, Jews, and
Christians * a study of the bishops and the churches. The full
texts of numerous narratives are presented to reveal the
aspirations of the law students, the professors, and their fellow
citizens such as the artisans. The study also explores the cultural
implications of the city's Greek, Roman and then Syro-Phoenician
heritage.
Modern Beirut was a city of major importance in the Roman world, as
one the three main centers for the study of Roman law. For this
study Linda Jones Hall exploits the numerous primary sources,
including inscriptions, religious histories, literary references,
legal codes, and archaeological reports, to present a composite
history of late antique Berytus - from its founding as a Roman
colony in the time of Augustus, to its development into a center of
legal study under Justinian.
The book examines all aspects of life in the city, including
geographical setting, economic base, built environment, political
structures, religious transitions from paganism to Christianity,
and the self-identity of the inhabitants in terms of ethnicity and
occupation. The full texts of numerous narratives are presented to
reveal the aspirations of the law students, the professors, and
their fellow citizens such as the artisans. The study also explores
the cultural implications of the city's Greek, Roman and then
Syro-Phoencianheritage.
This volume provides the first detailed investigation of late
antique Phoenicia, analyzing the governors' and inhabitants'
perception of themselves as Phoenician rather than Syrian.
Professor Jones Hall also looks at how religious affiliations are
traced among pagans, Jews, and Christians. Though a study of the
bishops and the churches, she shows that religious adherence was a
much more complex issue that the simple Monophysite interpretation
usually presented.
For the first time, the poems and accompanying letters of Publilius
Optatianus Porfyrius (Optatian) are published here with a
translation and detailed commentary, along with a full introduction
to Optatian’s work during this period.Optatian was sent into
exile by Constantine sometime after the Emperor’s ascent to power
in Rome in 313 AD. Hoping to receive pardon, Optatian sent a gift
of probably twenty design poems to Constantine around the time of
the ruler’s twentieth anniversary (325/326 AD). To enable the
reader to experience the multiple messages of the poems, the Latin
text is presented near the English translation with any related
design close by. Some poems, laid out on a grid of up to 35 letters
across and down, have an interwoven poem marking key letters in the
primary poem, thereby revealing a highlighted image. Some designs
include the Chi-Rho or numerals created from V’s and X’s to
mark imperial anniversaries. Other (previously unrecognised)
designs seem to represent senatorial, imperial, military or
bureaucratic motifs or to derive from coin images. Shape poems
representing a water organ, an altar and a panpipe reveal their
relevance immediately. The introduction and commentary elucidate
literary allusions from over 100 authors (lines from Vergil, Ovid,
Lucan, Silius Italicus, Statius, and lesser-known writers abound)
and mythological references, mostly to the Muses and Apollo.
Optatian’s prestige as an official in both Greece and Rome is
well attested - these poems mark Optatian as a fascinating writer
of his time, holding onto the classical past while acknowledging
Christian symbolism.
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