This book examines the characteristics of Chinese college students' mobility since the expansion of higher education by using a nationally representative data set. It analyzes college graduates' mobility from both horizontal and vertical dimensions. The horizontal dimension shows college students' migration directions and location changes, including migration for college, migration for employment, migration for grassroots positions, migration away from the capital, and migration back to their hometown. The vertical dimension includes students' intergenerational occupational mobility and intergenerational regional mobility. Drawing on theories of education and economics, the book provides a solid framework for empirically analyzing the characteristics, causes, and economic and non-economic benefits of different forms of mobility. This book not only offers insights into China's higher education policies and their impact on the regional and intergenerational mobility decisions of college graduates over the past two decades, but also has important implications for countries at similar stages of social and economic development. This book is an excellent read for students and scholars of education, economics, and East Asian studies. It can also help policymakers understand the characteristics of students' mobility and the underlying reasons for their choices, so that they can propose effective policies in the future.

The 20th anniversary edition of this groundbreaking and bestselling volume offers powerful examples of the mathematics that can develop the thinking of elementary school children. Studies of teachers in the U.S. often document insufficient subject matter knowledge in mathematics. Yet, these studies give few examples of the knowledge teachers need to support teaching, particularly the kind of teaching demanded by reforms in mathematics education. Knowing and Teaching Elementary Mathematics describes the nature and development of the knowledge that elementary teachers need to become accomplished mathematics teachers, and suggests why such knowledge seems more common in China than in the United States, despite the fact that Chinese teachers have less formal education than their U.S. counterparts. Along with the original studies of U.S. and Chinese teachers' mathematical understanding, this 20th anniversary edition includes a new preface and a 2013 journal article by Ma, "A Critique of the Structure of U.S. Elementary School Mathematics" that describe differences in U.S. and Chinese elementary mathematics. These are augmented by a new series editor's introduction and two key journal articles that frame and contextualize this seminal work.

The 20th anniversary edition of this groundbreaking and bestselling volume offers powerful examples of the mathematics that can develop the thinking of elementary school children. Studies of teachers in the U.S. often document insufficient subject matter knowledge in mathematics. Yet, these studies give few examples of the knowledge teachers need to support teaching, particularly the kind of teaching demanded by reforms in mathematics education. Knowing and Teaching Elementary Mathematics describes the nature and development of the knowledge that elementary teachers need to become accomplished mathematics teachers, and suggests why such knowledge seems more common in China than in the United States, despite the fact that Chinese teachers have less formal education than their U.S. counterparts. Along with the original studies of U.S. and Chinese teachers' mathematical understanding, this 20th anniversary edition includes a new preface and a 2013 journal article by Ma, "A Critique of the Structure of U.S. Elementary School Mathematics" that describe differences in U.S. and Chinese elementary mathematics. These are augmented by a new series editor's introduction and two key journal articles that frame and contextualize this seminal work.