This edited collection showcases the contribution of women to the development of political ideas during the Enlightenment, and presents an alternative to the male-authored canon of philosophy and political thought. Over the course of the eighteenth century increasing numbers of women went into print, and they exploited both new and traditional forms to convey their political ideas: from plays, poems, and novels to essays, journalism, annotated translations, and household manuals, as well as dedicated political tracts. Recently, considerable scholarly attention has been paid to women's literary writing and their role in salon society, but their participation in political debates is less well studied. This volume offers new perspectives on some better known authors such as Mary Wollstonecraft, Catharine Macaulay, and Anna Laetitia Barbauld, as well as neglected figures from the British Isles and continental Europe. The collection advances discussion of how best to understand women's political contributions during the period, the place of salon sociability in the political development of Europe, and the interaction between discourses on slavery and those on women's rights. It will interest scholars and researchers working in women's intellectual history and Enlightenment thought and serve as a useful adjunct to courses in political theory, women's studies, the history of feminism, and European history.

This book offers a philosophical perspective on contemporary Tourette Syndrome scholarship, a field which has exploded over the last thirty years. Despite intense research efforts on this common neurodevelopmental condition in the age of the brain sciences, the syndrome's causes and potential cures remain intriguingly elusive. How does this lack of progress relate to the tacitly operating philosophical concepts that shape our current thinking about Tourette Syndrome? This book foregrounds these tacit concepts and shows how they relate to "big topics" in philosophy such as time, volition, and the self. By tracing how these topics relate to current research on Tourette's, it invites us to re-think our approach to research and care. Such re-thinking is urgently needed: individuals and families living with Tourette Syndrome remain under-serviced as pharmacological and behavioural therapies provide relief for some but not all who need support. This book highlights what questions we ask and do not ask in contemporary scholarship, thereby surfacing invisible constraints and opportunities in the field. It is of interest to scholars, health professionals, students, and affected families who want to better understand this burgeoning field of research with its conceptual controversies, approaches to aetiology, and directions for new research and improved clinical care.

Recent research has shown that a significant number of carbon offsets do not reduce additional greenhouses gases or provide co-benefits, sparking widespread criticism. Even as the controversy over carbon offsets has increased, purchases have grown exponentially, with scholars and policy-makers alike promoting offsets as an economically efficient solution to the climate crisis. In the shadow of this debate are 680 colleges and universities that have pledged to become carbon neutral through the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment (ACUPCC). Unfortunately, signatories of ACUPCC are finding themselves in a predicament. In order to reach carbon neutrality within their self-determined timeline, the majority will have to utilize carbon offsets. However, a recent report showed that given the current level of controversy, many presidents and chancellors are hesitant to invest in the carbon offset market. As a potential solution, a few colleges and universities have begun experimenting with a new kind of offset: instead of purchasing offsets from unknown companies and places, they are sponsoring carbon reduction projects in their local communities.

On 8 April, 2010, President Obama and Russian President Medvedev signed the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, or "New START," lowering the limit on deployed strategic nuclear weapons by either nation. The following week, President Obama hosted the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington, D.C., the stated purpose of which was to address "the threat of nuclear materials in the hands of terrorists or criminals." Against this backdrop, three panels of distinguished experts on nuclear policy convened in Washington, D.C. to offer critical assessment of President Obama's nuclear agenda-and weather it is compatible with maintaining an American nuclear arsenal that can credibly, reliably, and effectively address today's threats.