Over the last decades, the term resilience has been used by scholars and practitioners to describe how (and why) some individuals or groups surpass adverse conditions while others succumb to it or victimize. Even adding comprehension to that phenomenon, the progresses achieved in that field have not clarified the concept involved and, thus, a gap still remains to be overcome. This book provides a literature review about the subject, discussing some correlate issues, such as positive adaptation, adverse conditions, pointing to human subjectivity as a permanent source for changing external adverse factors or internal perception. The content should help shed new light to this complex issue and should be especially useful for those who believe that a solid theoretical framework is worthwhile for research and for intervention in reality, promoting human growth and enhancing development ahead of adverse situations.