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Crime data collected through the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), the
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), and the National
Crime Victimisation Survey (NCVS) are used by Congress to inform
policy decisions and allocate federal criminal justice funding to
states. As such, it is important to understand how each program
collects and reports crime data, and the limitations associated
with the data. This book reviews (1) the history of the UCR, the
NIBRS, and the NCVS; (2) the methods each program uses to collect
crime data; and (3) the limitations of the data collected by each
program. The book then compares the similarities and differences of
UCR and NCVS data. It concludes by reviewing issues related to the
NIBRS and the NCVS. The UCR represents the first effort to create a
national, standardised measure of the incidence of crime. It was
conceived as a way to measure the effectiveness of local law
enforcement and to provide law enforcement with data that could be
used to help fight crime. UCR data are now used extensively by
researchers, government officials, and the media for research,
policy, and planning purposes. The UCR also provides some of the
most commonly cited crime statistics in the United States. The UCR
reports offence and arrest data for 8 different Part I offences and
arrest data for 21 different Part II offences. The NIBRS was
developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation to respond to the
law enforcement community's belief that the UCR needed to be
updated to provide more in-depth data to meet the needs of law
enforcement into the 21st century. The NIBRS collects data,
including data on offence(s), offender(s), victim(s), arrestee(s),
and any property involved in an offence, for 46 different Group A
offences and 11 different Group B offences. Despite the more
detailed crime data that the NIBRS can provide, nation-wide
implementation of the program has been slow, for a variety of
reasons, including cost considerations. The NCVS is the primary
source of information on the characteristics of criminal
victimisation, and on the number and types of crime not reported to
law enforcement. The NCVS has four major objectives: (1) to develop
detailed information about the victims and consequences of crime,
(2) to estimate the number and types of crimes not reported to
police, (3) to provide uniform measures of selected types of
crimes, and (4) to permit comparisons over time and population type
(e.g., urban, suburban, and rural). The NCVS asks respondents
whether they have been the victim of rape and sexual assault,
robbery, simple and aggravated assault, purse
snatching/pick-pocketing, burglary, theft, or motor vehicle theft.
In addition to collecting data on the number of victimisations, the
NCVS gathers data on the details of each incident of victimisation.
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