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This book celebrates the relaunch of the African Pollen Database,
presents state-of-the-art of modern and ancient pollen data from
sub-Saharan Africa, and promotes Open Access science. Pollen grains
are powerful tools for the study of past vegetation dynamics
because they preserve well within sedimentary deposits and have a
huge diversity in ornamentation that allows different taxa to be
determined. The reconstruction of past vegetation from the
examination of ancient pollen records thus can be used to
characterize the nature of past landscapes (e.g. abundance of
forests vs. grasslands), provide insights into changes in
biodiversity, and gain empirical evidence of vegetation response to
climatic change and human activity. In this, the 35th Volume of
"Palaeoecology of Africa", we bring together new data and extensive
synthetic reviews to provide novel insights into the relationships
between human evolution, human activity, climate change and
vegetation dynamics during the Quaternary, the last 2.6 million
years. Current and ongoing climate and land-use change is exerting
pressure on modern vegetation formations and threatening the
livelihoods and wellbeing of many peoples in Africa. In this book
the focus is on the Quaternary because it is during this geological
period that the modern vegetation formations developed into their
current configurations against a backdrop of high magnitude global
climate change (glacial-interglacial cycles), human evolution, and
a growing human land-use footprint. In this book the latest
information is presented and collated from around the African
continent to parameterize past vegetation states, identify the
drivers of vegetation change, and assess the vegetation resilience
to change. To achieve this research from two broad themes are
covered: (i) the present is the key to the past (i.e. studies which
improve our understanding of modern environments so that we can
better interpret evidence from the past), and (ii) the past is the
key to the future (i.e. studies which unlock information on how and
why vegetation changed in the past so one can better anticipate
trajectories of future change). This Open Access book will provide
a strong foundation for future research exploring past ecological,
environmental and climatic change within Africa and the surrounding
islands. The book is organized regionally (covering western,
eastern, central, and southern Africa) and it contains specialized
articles focused on particular topics (such as modern
pollen-vegetation relationships and fire as a driver of vegetation
change), as well as regional and pan-African syntheses drawing
together decades of research to assess key scientific questions
(including the role of climate in driving vegetation change and the
role of vegetation change in human evolution). These articles will
be useful to students and teachers from high school to the highest
level of university who are interested in the origins and dynamics
of vegetation in Africa. Furthermore, it is also meant to provide
societally relevant information that can act as an inspiration for
the development of sustainable management practices for the future.
This book is a journey through the events in Mattie Fisher's life.
There are also the life lessons gained from those events. Mattie
was born at a time in history when being black and female was a
double curse. You had to look very hard to find any human or legal
rights. Mattie stood her ground. She was confident and fierce,
always pushing forward, striving to do things she wanted to do. She
turned a deaf ear to those who thought they could dictate her life.
Mattie's story is very powerful and inspirational; her spirit
tenacious and infectious. She encouraged all the women she met to
never settle for less than they deserved. Let the tenacity of one
woman inspire you to the greatness you were created for.
This is a true story of raw survival. Of hunger and dust and dirty
faces. But sometimes a little humor helps us get through tough
times. Even the most honest upright man will raid his neighbor's
chicken roost if his family is hungry, and it takes guts to shoot a
few rounds over the heads of thieves in the watermelon
patch---especially if the thieves shot back. There are make-do
receipes blended among the pages of narrative hardships. Some of
them have been embellished and added to---and handed down to today,
but they had their initial beginning in desperation.
Does a deep and abiding love transcend time and space---and even
death? Jenny Martin ponders this strange phenomen and knows she
must have an answer before giving her trust, her faith---and her
life.
Scott presents readers with an in-depth look at the Great
Depression by providing gripping memoirs from those who experienced
it firsthand.
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