There are obvious benefits in using flame-retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame-retardants. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. The aim of this volume in the book series "New Concepts in Polymer Science" is to provide a general overview of the nature, mechanism of action, use and environmental hazards for a number of flame-retardants. This monograph (together with the book by the same authors, "Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy" (1999) will valuable to anyone interested in the field of flame-retardant chemicals.

This book deals with the ecological aspects of polymer flame retardation. It deals with methods for estimating polymer flammability, the mode of action of modern flame retardants, and ecological concerns of the most used halogenated flame retardants.

Aktivizatsiya innovatsionnoy deyatel'nosti v Rossii yavlyaetsya vazhneyshey predposylkoy ispol'zovaniya nauchno-tekhnicheskogo potentsiala, rosta konkurentosposobnosti promyshlennoy produktsii, vykhoda iz ekonomicheskogo krizisa, povysheniya urovnya zhizni naseleniya. Innovatsionnyy potentsial predpriyatiya realizuetsya v konkretnuyu formu innovatsii v khode innovatsionnogo protsessa, obespechivaemogo innovatsionnoy deyatel'nost'yu predpriyatiya. Znachitel'nuyu rol' v uspeshnom upravlenii innovatsionnym potentsialom predpriyatiya igraet ego otsenka, kotoraya dolzhna vyrazhat' stepen' obespechennosti komponentami innovatsionnogo potentsiala razlichnykh sfer deyatel'nosti predpriyatiya. V dannom issledovanii izuchaetsya kompleks problem, svyazannykh s sovershenstvovaniem metodov otsenki i analiza effektivnosti ispol'zovaniya innovatsionnogo potentsiala predpriyatiya.

Biznes - eto pochti vsegda predpriyatie riskovannoe, predpolagayushchee, chto predprinimatel' sposoben esli ne ischislyat' kolichestvenno vozmozhnye opasnosti, to khotya by kachestvenno otsenit' ikh. Bolee togo, sama po sebe predprinimatel'skaya deyatel'nost' podrazumevaet prinyatie riskov. Predprinimatel'stvo kak faktor proizvodstva vklyuchaet, pomimo lichnoy initsiativy, eshche i sposobnost' riskovat' i spravlyat'sya s riskami. S tochki zreniya ekonomicheskoy nauki, risk - eto soprovozhdayushchee deyatel'nost' predprinimatelya uslovie neopredelennosti. Pod neopredelennost'yu v dannom sluchae ponimaetsya neznanie tochnykh posledstviy nashikh deystvii: prineset li nasha deyatel'nost' pribyl' ili ubytok, i v kakom ob"eme. Ob ekonomicheskom riske nauka znala vsegda. No v XX veke otnoshenie k risku v korne izmenilos'. Kak otkrytiya fiziki razrushili privychnyy mir logicheskikh i ratsionalizirovannykh svyazey mezhdu veshchami, tak i ekonomicheskaya teoriya riska razrushila spokoystvie klassicheskoy politekonomii, operirovavshey s absolyutno opredelennymi velichinami.

V monografii detal'no rassmatrivaetsya istoricheskaya retrospektiva arkhitekturnogo proektirovaniya sotsial'nykh uchrezhdeniy ot bogadelen do uchrezhdeniy sotsial'nogo obsluzhivaniya lits starshikh vozrastnykh grupp v severo-zapadnoy chasti Rossii. Raskryty arkhitekturno-tipologicheskie aspekty formirovaniya bogadelennykh zavedeniy v XIX veke. Predstavlen ryad tipovykh proektov bogadelen. Rassmotreno arkhitekturnoe formirovanie sotsial'nykh uchrezhdeniy Tikhvina pervykh let revolyutsii, otrazhayushchee polozhenie dannykh uchrezhdeniy vo vsey Rossii. V ramkakh istoriko-kul'turnogo analiza territorii istoricheskogo poseleniya, na predmet vyyavleniya istoricheskikh uchrezhdeniy sotsial'nogo obsluzhivaniya, predstavlena istoriya khrama vo imya Svyatoy Ravnoapostol'noy Marii Magdaliny v usad'be Taytsy. Proanalizirovana sushchestvuyushchaya na segodnyashniy den' struktura uchrezhdeniy sotsial'nogo obsluzhivaniya lits starshikh vozrastnykh grupp krupneyshego goroda.

Predlozheny podkhody v formirovanii pribyl'noy, bezriskovoy strategii torgovli f'yuchersom RTS na rossiyskom rynke FORTS. V dostupnoy forme izlozhena posledovatel'nost' raboty s ispol'zovaniem programmy QUIK: ot nastroyki interfeysa, do vystavleniya zayavki s ustanovkoy funktsiy stop-los i teyk-profit. Rassmatrivayutsya metody ispol'zovaniya i nastroyki sredstv tekhnicheskogo analiza rynka f'chersov: skol'zyashchikh srednikh 200 dnevnykh i korotkikh 50 dnevnykh, indikatora bollindzhera, indikatora otnositel'noy sily RCI, volny Elliotta i drugie. Issleduyutsya vidy, printsipy raboty i klassifikatsiya torgovykh robotov, vyyavlyayutsya perspektivy ikh ispol'zovaniya v birzhevoy torgovle. Kniga rasschitana na shirokiy krug chitateley i adresovana studentam, prepodavatelyam VUZov, predprinimatelyam, investoram, predstavitelyam srednego klassa i vsem zhelayushchim osvoit' sekrety birzhevoy torgovli.

V kollektivnoy monografii analiziruyutsya proizvodstvennye otnosheniya v razvitii rossiyskikh predpriyatiy v usloviyakh vykhoda ekonomiki iz global'nogo finansovogo krizisa. Issleduyutsya mnogie aspekty: problemy riska kak fenomena sotsial'noy real'nosti, voprosy razvitiya informatsionnogo obshchestva, podkhody tsenoobrazovaniya i tsenovoy politiki kak instrumenty povysheniya konkurentosposobnosti, tendentsii v formirovanii institutsional'noy ekonomiki. Monografiya budet polezna, rukovoditelyam, spetsialistam, prepodavatelyam, aspirantam, studentam, a takzhe shirokomu krugu chitateley. Nad monografiey trudilis' avtory: Starovoytov M.K., Luk'yanov G.I., Lomakin N.I., Gavrilova O.A., Gushchina Yu.I., Nesterenko T.V., Sycheva A.V., Filippova T.A., Cherednichenko I.A., Shipovskaya O.N., Bakaev V.V., Ievleva N.V., Rekeda V.V., Mirosedi S.A., Mirosedi T.G., Ekova V.A., Aleksandrov A.V., Maksimova O.N., Prokhorov E.Yu., Zhabunin A.Yu., Sokolova A.V., Goncharova E. V., Khvorova Z.A., Duma M.O.

Otsenka konkurentosposobnosti kommercheskikh bankov: metodologicheskie aspekty. V rabote rassmatrivaetsya original'naya kontseptsiya menyayushchikhsya prioritetov v otsenke konkurentosposobnosti kommercheskikh bankov. Issleduetsya rol' bankov v innovatsionnom razvitii informatsionnogo obshchestva. Obosnovyvaetsya neobkhodimost' povysheniya intensivnosti issledovaniy v oblasti institutsional'noy ekonomicheskoy teorii transaktsionnykh izderzhek v bankovskoy sfere. Predprinyata popytka formirovaniya metodologii otsenki konkurentosposobnosti kommercheskikh bankov na osnove metoda nechetkikh mnozhestv v usloviyakh neopredelennosti. Monografiya rasschitana na studentov starshikh kursov, aspirantov, prepodavateley, issledovateley i vsekh, komu interesny aktual'nye problemy i dostizheniya v bankovskoy sfere.

The use of polymers is restricted by their flammability - they may indeed initiate or propagate fire. Fire Retardancy of Polymers focuses on mineral additives from either micro- or nano-composites for application in fire retardants. With the use of fire retardant additives containing halogen or phosphorus compounds in decline, the need for other systems is evident. The major materials that are used are alumina trihydrate or magnesium hydroxide which account for more than 50% by weight of the world-wide sales of fire retardants. Recent works have shown that such halogen-free compounds may give enhanced fire retardancy to polymeric materials when used in low levels, alone, or in synergistic mixtures. The corresponding fire performance depends on the dispersion of the mineral filler, with micrometer-scale dispersion leading to the best performances. Specialists discuss these new applications of mineral fillers with particular emphasis on action mechanisms, new materials including textiles, toxicology and hazards. With extensive references, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date view of these applications. This book will appeal to professionals, materials scientists and engineers looking for novel ways to eliminate fire hazards and improve flame retardancy of materials, with a special interest in sustainable development.