MUSIC IN TEXAS A SURVEY OF ONE ASPECT OF CULTURAL PROGRESS LOTA M. SPELL Austin, Texas 1936 Copyright, 1936, by Lota M. Spell All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or parts thereof in, any Jorm. PREFACE THE purpose of this work is to make available to teachers, club workers, and others interested in the cultural develop ment of the State of Texas some facts by which the progress of music may be traced, and also some songs actually sung through the years, as illustrative material Many of these, here reproduced from early editions in the possession of the writer, while in no sense masterpieces of musical art, are represent ative of the taste of the people at different eras. A collection of dances and instrumental music will be issued separately in larger format later The thanks of the writer for assistance are due to too many to call each by name. Especial thanks are due Dr. R. C. Ste phenson for the translation of the Spanish songs and to Dr. Eduard Micek, Dr. Carlos Castaneda, Miss Hilda Widen and Miss Julia Harris, of Austin Miss Julia Owen of Navasota Sr. Julio Galindo of Mexico City Miss Jovita Gonzales and Mr. Oscar Fox of San Antonio Mrs. Selma Metzenthin-Raun ick and Mr. H. M. Dietel of New Braunfels and Dr. Charles B. Qualia of Lubbock, for aid in locating materials. Without the interest and insistence of the officers and members of the State Federation of Music Clubs the work would never have been completed or issued. The courtesy of Silver, Burdett and Company in permitting the use of Clang, Clang Choosing a Flower, and At the Window from the Progressive Music Series of Oscar Fox and Whitney Montgomery for Corn Silks and Cotton Blos soms of the AdolfFuchs Memorial Association for the use of the Fuchs songs and of Dr. H. F. Estill for his adaptation of the text of Will you come to the Bower is gratefully acknowledged. To my aunt, Lota Dashiell bom in Texas, 1853, who sang to me, in my childhood, . the songs of early Texas and to the members o the State Federation of Music Clubs, whose insistence led to its preparation this work is dedicated TABLE OF CONTENTS BOOK L THE PERIOD OF DISSEMINATION CHAPTER PAGE I Music among the Indians 3 II Music in the Texas Mission 6 III Spanish - Mexican Folk Music H IV Anglo-American Music 23 V The Early German Contribution 34 BOOK II. ABSORPTION FROM A WIDER FIELD VI Music of the Mexican War 46 VII Other Foreign Contributions 52 VIII Echoes of the Old South 61 IX Some Musical Annals before 1890 69 X Music Education to 1910 80 BOOK III. THE PERIOD OF AMALGAMATION XI Effects of the World War on Musical Progress .... 89 XII Singing Societies in Texas 92 XIII Opera in Texas 101 XIV The Symphony Orchestra in Texas 107 XV Music Education, 19H-1936 113 XVI Other Agencies Contributing to Musical Progress 119 BOOK IV. THE BEGINNINGS OF CREATIVE WORK XVII Texas Folk Music 127 XVIII Music Composed by Texans or in Texas 137 APPENDIX. Texas Concert Calendar, 1920-1921 .... 144 INDEX. 1 47 LIST OF SONGS INCLUDED Padre Nuestro 1 An old Alabado - - 1 1 Alabado as sung in Texas today 12 Lullaby of a Spanish Mother 15 Call of the Tamale Vender 16 Music of the Pastores De larga Jornada 1 8 Oh peregrina 19 La Viudita 2 1 Christmas Carol 22 Vill you come to the Bower 25 The Banks of the Blue Moselle opposite 26 Old Windham two forms 29, 30 German Folk Song 36 At the Window 39, 40 Song of the Texas Ranger Im Afloat 46, 47The Campbells are Coming 49 The Maid of Monterey 51 Clang Clang Clang 56 Choosing a Flower 57 Come, oh come with me - 59, 60 Lorena 64 Take me home 66 67 The Vacant Chair 85 Lebewohl by Silcher 95 On Yonder Rock Reclining - 102, 103 Yellow Rose of Texas 128, 129 Down on de rollin Brazos 132, 133 Palomita - 13 5 Corn Silks and Cotton Blossoms 138, 139

MUSIC IN TEXAS A SURVEY OF ONE ASPECT OF CULTURAL PROGRESS LOTA M. SPELL Austin, Texas 1936 Copyright, 1936, by Lota M. Spell All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book or parts thereof in, any Jorm. PREFACE THE purpose of this work is to make available to teachers, club workers, and others interested in the cultural develop ment of the State of Texas some facts by which the progress of music may be traced, and also some songs actually sung through the years, as illustrative material Many of these, here reproduced from early editions in the possession of the writer, while in no sense masterpieces of musical art, are represent ative of the taste of the people at different eras. A collection of dances and instrumental music will be issued separately in larger format later The thanks of the writer for assistance are due to too many to call each by name. Especial thanks are due Dr. R. C. Ste phenson for the translation of the Spanish songs and to Dr. Eduard Micek, Dr. Carlos Castaneda, Miss Hilda Widen and Miss Julia Harris, of Austin Miss Julia Owen of Navasota Sr. Julio Galindo of Mexico City Miss Jovita Gonzales and Mr. Oscar Fox of San Antonio Mrs. Selma Metzenthin-Raun ick and Mr. H. M. Dietel of New Braunfels and Dr. Charles B. Qualia of Lubbock, for aid in locating materials. Without the interest and insistence of the officers and members of the State Federation of Music Clubs the work would never have been completed or issued. The courtesy of Silver, Burdett and Company in permitting the use of Clang, Clang Choosing a Flower, and At the Window from the Progressive Music Series of Oscar Fox and Whitney Montgomery for Corn Silks and Cotton Blos soms of the AdolfFuchs Memorial Association for the use of the Fuchs songs and of Dr. H. F. Estill for his adaptation of the text of Will you come to the Bower is gratefully acknowledged. To my aunt, Lota Dashiell bom in Texas, 1853, who sang to me, in my childhood, . the songs of early Texas and to the members o the State Federation of Music Clubs, whose insistence led to its preparation this work is dedicated TABLE OF CONTENTS BOOK L THE PERIOD OF DISSEMINATION CHAPTER PAGE I Music among the Indians 3 II Music in the Texas Mission 6 III Spanish - Mexican Folk Music H IV Anglo-American Music 23 V The Early German Contribution 34 BOOK II. ABSORPTION FROM A WIDER FIELD VI Music of the Mexican War 46 VII Other Foreign Contributions 52 VIII Echoes of the Old South 61 IX Some Musical Annals before 1890 69 X Music Education to 1910 80 BOOK III. THE PERIOD OF AMALGAMATION XI Effects of the World War on Musical Progress .... 89 XII Singing Societies in Texas 92 XIII Opera in Texas 101 XIV The Symphony Orchestra in Texas 107 XV Music Education, 19H-1936 113 XVI Other Agencies Contributing to Musical Progress 119 BOOK IV. THE BEGINNINGS OF CREATIVE WORK XVII Texas Folk Music 127 XVIII Music Composed by Texans or in Texas 137 APPENDIX. Texas Concert Calendar, 1920-1921 .... 144 INDEX. 1 47 LIST OF SONGS INCLUDED Padre Nuestro 1 An old Alabado - - 1 1 Alabado as sung in Texas today 12 Lullaby of a Spanish Mother 15 Call of the Tamale Vender 16 Music of the Pastores De larga Jornada 1 8 Oh peregrina 19 La Viudita 2 1 Christmas Carol 22 Vill you come to the Bower 25 The Banks of the Blue Moselle opposite 26 Old Windham two forms 29, 30 German Folk Song 36 At the Window 39, 40 Song of the Texas Ranger Im Afloat 46, 47The Campbells are Coming 49 The Maid of Monterey 51 Clang Clang Clang 56 Choosing a Flower 57 Come, oh come with me - 59, 60 Lorena 64 Take me home 66 67 The Vacant Chair 85 Lebewohl by Silcher 95 On Yonder Rock Reclining - 102, 103 Yellow Rose of Texas 128, 129 Down on de rollin Brazos 132, 133 Palomita - 13 5 Corn Silks and Cotton Blossoms 138, 139

Samuel Bangs, the first printer in the territory that is now Texas, once owed his life to his printing press. One of the few survivors of the Mina Expedition to Mexico in 1817, Bangs wrote to Servando de Mier, "I had the good fortune, through the will of God, to have my life saved, as I was a printer."

Bangs was not always so fortunate. Losses and disappointments plagued him throughout his career, and he spent many miserable months in Mexican jails. But his ingenuity in the face of adversity, his courage and charm, stamped him not only as a storybook hero but as a man whose virtues were large enough to be their own reward.

Lota Spell's fine biography of Samuel Bangs is at the same time a fascinating history of northern Mexico (including Texas) in the first half of the nineteenth century. Through the successes and failures of an individual it presents the facts about the operation of a business during a time of important political and economic change.

Even more important is its contribution to our knowledge of printing and of the contemporary periodical press. Although first of all a printer, Samuel Bangs was also involved in the production of newspapers, making this book a detailed history of journalism in the Mexico and Texas of his day. His printing office also functioned as a typographer's school, through which he instituted the apprentice system in the Southwest; and as a result of his interest in presses as a commodity of trade, the first business for merchandising and servicing printing presses in the area was developed.

This narrative, combining the story of a man's life, the history of his times, and the development of his profession, fills a gap in our knowledge of Mexico and Texas, and does it with perception and charm.