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This outline of statistics as an aid in decision making will
introduce a reader with limited mathematical background to the most
important modern statistical methods. This is a revised and
enlarged version, with major extensions and additions, of my
"Angewandte Statistik" (5th ed.), which has proved useful for
research workers and for consulting statisticians. Applied
statistics is at the same time a collection of applicable
statistical methods and the application of these methods to
measured and/or counted observations. Abstract mathematical
concepts and derivations are avoided. Special emphasis is placed on
the basic principles of statistical formulation, and on the
explanation of the conditions under which a certain formula or a
certain test is valid. Preference is given to consideration of the
analysis of small sized samples and of distribution-free methods.
As a text and reference this book is written for
non-mathematicians, in particular for technicians, engineers,
executives, students, physicians as well as researchers in other
disciplines. It gives any mathematician interested in the practical
uses of statistics a general account of the subject. Practical
application is the main theme; thus an essential part of the book
consists in the 440 fully worked-out numerical examples, some of
which are very simple; the 57 exercises with solutions; a number of
different compu tational aids; and an extensive bibliography and a
very detailed index. In particular, a collection of 232
mathematical and mathematical-statistical tables serves to enable
and to simplify the computations."
Readers of my books, students and scientists, often ask for spe-
cial references not commonly found in introductory or interme-
diate books on statistics. From the titles and contents of 1449 key
papers and books which are listed and numbered in Sec- tion 5, I
have selected keywords and subject headings and ar- ranged them
alphabetically together with the numbers of perti- nent references
in Section 3. Number 1153, for instance, denotes my book" Applied
Statis- tics". It contains a bibliographical section on pages 568
to 641. Supplementary material is displayed in this small
bibliographi- cal guide. It also complements well-known textbooks
of Box, Hunter and Hunter (No.121), Dixon and Massey (No.286),
Snedecor and Cochran (No. 1238), and many recent competitors. Since
the methodology of statistics is expanding rapidly, many methods
are not considered at all or only introduced in the basic textbooks
of statistics. There is a need for intermediate statistical methods
concerned with increasingly complicated ap- plications of
statistics to actual research situations. Here the specification of
terms helps to find some sources. Since the ref- erences vary
considerably in length and content, the number of culled or
extracted terms per referenced page varies even more, as does also
their degree of specialization; however in most cases an
intermediate statistical level is maintained.
Fur die Planung, Durchfuhrung und Auswertung wissenschaftlicher
Studien bietet die siebte, uberarbeitete Auflage mit zahlreichen
Ubersichten uberzeugende Arbeitshilfen, die auch die ublichen
Software-Pakete in wesentlichen Details erganzen. Das Buch wendet
sich an alle Anwender von statistischen Verfahren in der Praxis."
Bei der Realisierung von Projekten und spater dann bei der Ana-
lyse der Daten wird uns nicht selten bewuBt, daB wir manches hat-
ten besser durchdenken und sorgfaltiger planen mussen. Eine knappe
Zusammenfassung wichtiger Planungsstufen sowie weiterer
Gesichtspunkte, auch die Auswertung betreffend, erganzt das in den
"Statistischen Methoden", knapp "M" genannt, realisierte Konzept.
Auch hier wird der Leser sogenannte "intermediate stati- stical
methods" antreffen, die in den einfiihrenden Lehrbuchem kaum und in
den weiterfiihrenden fiir den Praktiker zu knapp dar- gestellt
werden, z. B. der paarweise Vergleich von Mittelwerten an- hand
neuerer Methoden (Teil III) mit den zugehOrigen Signifikanz-
schranken (Anhang). Die hier vorgestellten Methoden sind wie die 12
Methoden aus M von mittlerem Schwierigkeitsgrad. Nur in we- nigen
Fallen liegen sie bereits in den bekannten Programmpaketen (z. B.
BMDP, P-STAT, SAS, SPSS) vor. Wiederholungen sind beabsichtigt.
Widerspriiche waren nicht ganzlich zu vermeiden. Sie sind
vielleicht typisch (a) fur konkurrie- rende Ziele und (b) fur eine
rasch wachsende Wissenschaft, die zu- gleich auch wissenschaftliche
Methodik ist mit dem Anspruch, nach Moglichkeit Praktiker und
Theoretiker nicht zu sehr zu ent- tauschen. Wahrend aus der Praxis
stammende Beispiele sicher besser moti- vieren, sind einfache
Rechenbeispiele instruktiver, zumal sie ohne Kommentar verstanden
und, abgesehen von den Tabellen des An- hangs, praktisch ohne
Hilfsmittel nachvollzogen werden konnen.
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