John Wilson Croker (1780 1857), politician and writer, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and studied for the bar before moving to London. He was appointed as Deputy Chief Secretary for Ireland when Sir Arthur Wellesley took command of the Army in Portugal, and subsequently became Secretary to the Admiralty, an important role in wartime. He was noted for his efficiency and honesty, and held the post until 1830, despite changes of government. He was a prolific letter-writer, on both professional and personal matters, and almost all his correspondents were men of importance in their field. This three-volume edition of his papers was published in 1884. Volume 1 covers Croker's early life and career until 1828. He had many friends, although as a harsh literary critic he also made enemies. He gives amusing anecdotes of Regency society and royalty, but suffered personal tragedy with the death of his son.

John Wilson Croker (1780 1857), politician and writer, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and studied for the bar before moving to London. He was appointed as Deputy Chief Secretary for Ireland when Sir Arthur Wellesley took command of the Army in Portugal, and subsequently became Secretary to the Admiralty, an important role in wartime. He was noted for his efficiency and honesty, and held the post until 1830, despite changes of government. He was a prolific letter-writer, on both professional and personal matters, and almost all his correspondents were men of importance in their field. This three-volume edition of his papers was published in 1884. Volume 2 covers the period 1829 42. Catholic emancipation and parliamentary reform dominated the political agenda in the earlier years, while the years 1841 2 were notable for the cause c l bre regarding the marquess of Hertford's will, which, perhaps unfairly, damaged Croker's reputation.

John Wilson Croker (1780 1857), politician and writer, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and studied for the bar before moving to London. He was appointed as Deputy Chief Secretary for Ireland when Sir Arthur Wellesley took command of the Army in Portugal, and subsequently became Secretary to the Admiralty, an important role in wartime. He was noted for his efficiency and honesty, and held the post until 1830, despite changes of government. He was a prolific letter-writer, on both professional and personal matters, and almost all his correspondents were men of importance in their field. This three-volume edition of his papers was published in 1884. Volume 3 covers the period from 1843 until Croker's death. It includes the Corn Law debates, the Irish Famine, and correspondence with the Duke of Wellington. Croker remained an active literary critic for the Quarterly Review, which made him enemies who damaged his posthumous reputation.

This Is A New Release Of The Original 1884 Edition.

This Is A New Release Of The Original 1884 Edition.

In Three Volumes. This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

In Two Volumes. This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

Text extracted from opening pages of book: EIGHTY TEAES REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT THE UNITED STATES. BY LOUIS J. JENNINGS. LONDON: JOHN MUKKAY, ALBEMARLE STEEET. 186S. mrigtoofTramitotimignieriiol MXWX: FOOTED BT WILUAM CUffiM AMD 801% StAlUORD 81 1XD ORAfilSQ CBOS8, PREFACE. THE object of the following pages is to explain tlie original plan and design of the American Constitu tion, to review the changes which have been made in it in subsequent times, and to describe its present condition and mode of working. To fulfil these ends the author has examined with care the writings and speeches of the eminent men who framed the great fundamental law of the United States. In. their declared opinions, and in the debates which took place in the State Con ventions upon the ratification of the Constitution, can alone be found a true embodiment of the aims and ideas of the community which established the Republic. In the author's attempt to portray the government as it is, he has pursued a similar method of investigation; that is, he has founded his state ments and based his conclusions upon authority which ought to be accepted in England, because no one challenges it in America. For two years past probably the most important two years in VI PREFACE. the history of the United States government, if we consider all the changes they have brought to p ass the author's daily duties called him into close intercourse with many of the most active public men of the country. He had great opportunities afforded him for acquiring the information he sought, for, although it is often said that Americans will never willingly expose themselves to criticism, the writer of these pages never detected any evidence of thatdis position. The Americans do not take offence at a candid and fair discussion of the government under which they live. They are not well pleased to be caricatured; but they are not the only people in the world who object to be represented abroad by travesties of their political and social life. In the work here placed before the reader the author has occupied himself with facts, and his authorities may be found cited at the foot of the page. He has had no favourite theory which he wished to enforce by the example of America. He has simply endeavoured to ascertain what the government of the United States was intended to be, and how far it has departed from the first design. He has not desired to prove that Democracy op Eepublicanism mtist necessarily be a success, or necessarily a failure, or that it is better or worse PREFACE. Vll than other systems of government, or that it is anything more than a form of polity still open to diligent study and investigation. Apart from any theories whatever, he has traced the results of eighty years of Republican Government; and if it can be proved that he is in error upon any question here discussed, his regret will be lessened by the knowledge that he errs in company with some of the greatest Americans that have adorned the public life or literature of their country. LONDON, November, 1867. CONTENTS. CHAPTEE I. PACE THE THEORY OF THE GOVERNMENT 1 CHAPTEE II. THE STATE-AJSTD THE UNION ............ 10 CHAPTER III. THE EXECUTIVE .................. 35 CHAPTEE IV. X THE CABINET .................. 59 CHAPTEE V. THE LEGISLATIVE ................ 69 CHAPTEE VI. THE JUDICIARY .................. 89 CONTENTS. CHAPTER VII. PAGE UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE 109 CHAPTERVIII. PARTY GOVERNMENT 142 CHAPTEE IX, THE VOLUNTARY PRINCIPLE IN RELIGION 177 CHAPTER X. POPULAR EDUCATION, .. .. 207 CHAPTEE XI. CAPITAL AND LABOUR RELATIONS BETTOSEN EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYED 230 * CHAPTER XII. PROSPECTS OP THE UNION 242

In Three Volumes. This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

In Two Volumes. This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

Text extracted from opening pages of book: EIGHTY TEAES REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENT THE UNITED STATES. BY LOUIS J. JENNINGS. LONDON: JOHN MUKKAY, ALBEMARLE STEEET. 186S. mrigtoofTramitotimignieriiol MXWX: FOOTED BT WILUAM CUffiM AMD 801% StAlUORD 81 1XD ORAfilSQ CBOS8, PREFACE. THE object of the following pages is to explain tlie original plan and design of the American Constitu tion, to review the changes which have been made in it in subsequent times, and to describe its present condition and mode of working. To fulfil these ends the author has examined with care the writings and speeches of the eminent men who framed the great fundamental law of the United States. In. their declared opinions, and in the debates which took place in the State Con ventions upon the ratification of the Constitution, can alone be found a true embodiment of the aims and ideas of the community which established the Republic. In the author's attempt to portray the government as it is, he has pursued a similar method of investigation; that is, he has founded his state ments and based his conclusions upon authority which ought to be accepted in England, because no one challenges it in America. For two years past probably the most important two years in VI PREFACE. the history of the United States government, if we consider all the changes they have brought to p ass the author's daily duties called him into close intercourse with many of the most active public men of the country. He had great opportunities afforded him for acquiring the information he sought, for, although it is often said that Americans will never willingly expose themselves to criticism, the writer of these pages never detected any evidence of thatdis position. The Americans do not take offence at a candid and fair discussion of the government under which they live. They are not well pleased to be caricatured; but they are not the only people in the world who object to be represented abroad by travesties of their political and social life. In the work here placed before the reader the author has occupied himself with facts, and his authorities may be found cited at the foot of the page. He has had no favourite theory which he wished to enforce by the example of America. He has simply endeavoured to ascertain what the government of the United States was intended to be, and how far it has departed from the first design. He has not desired to prove that Democracy op Eepublicanism mtist necessarily be a success, or necessarily a failure, or that it is better or worse PREFACE. Vll than other systems of government, or that it is anything more than a form of polity still open to diligent study and investigation. Apart from any theories whatever, he has traced the results of eighty years of Republican Government; and if it can be proved that he is in error upon any question here discussed, his regret will be lessened by the knowledge that he errs in company with some of the greatest Americans that have adorned the public life or literature of their country. LONDON, November, 1867. CONTENTS. CHAPTEE I. PACE THE THEORY OF THE GOVERNMENT 1 CHAPTEE II. THE STATE-AJSTD THE UNION ............ 10 CHAPTER III. THE EXECUTIVE .................. 35 CHAPTEE IV. X THE CABINET .................. 59 CHAPTEE V. THE LEGISLATIVE ................ 69 CHAPTEE VI. THE JUDICIARY .................. 89 CONTENTS. CHAPTER VII. PAGE UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE 109 CHAPTERVIII. PARTY GOVERNMENT 142 CHAPTEE IX, THE VOLUNTARY PRINCIPLE IN RELIGION 177 CHAPTER X. POPULAR EDUCATION, .. .. 207 CHAPTEE XI. CAPITAL AND LABOUR RELATIONS BETTOSEN EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYED 230 * CHAPTER XII. PROSPECTS OP THE UNION 242

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

In Two Volumes. This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

In Three Volumes. This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.