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This thesis presents the first comprehensive analysis of quantum
cascade laser nonlinear dynamics and includes the first observation
of a temporal chaotic behavior in quantum cascade lasers. It also
provides the first analysis of optical instabilities in the
mid-infrared range. Mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers are
unipolar semiconductor lasers, which have become widely used in
applications such as gas spectroscopy, free-space communications or
optical countermeasures. Applying external perturbations such as
optical feedback or optical injection leads to a strong
modification of the quantum cascade laser properties. Optical
feedback impacts the static properties of mid-infrared Fabry-Perot
and distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers, inducing power
increase; threshold reduction; modification of the optical
spectrum, which can become either single- or multimode; and
enhanced beam quality in broad-area transverse multimode lasers. It
also leads to a different dynamical behavior, and a quantum cascade
laser subject to optical feedback can oscillate periodically or
even become chaotic. A quantum cascade laser under external control
could therefore be a source with enhanced properties for the usual
mid-infrared applications, but could also address new applications
such as tunable photonic oscillators, extreme events generators,
chaotic Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), chaos-based secured
communications or unpredictable countermeasures.
This thesis presents the first comprehensive analysis of quantum
cascade laser nonlinear dynamics and includes the first observation
of a temporal chaotic behavior in quantum cascade lasers. It also
provides the first analysis of optical instabilities in the
mid-infrared range. Mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers are
unipolar semiconductor lasers, which have become widely used in
applications such as gas spectroscopy, free-space communications or
optical countermeasures. Applying external perturbations such as
optical feedback or optical injection leads to a strong
modification of the quantum cascade laser properties. Optical
feedback impacts the static properties of mid-infrared Fabry-Perot
and distributed feedback quantum cascade lasers, inducing power
increase; threshold reduction; modification of the optical
spectrum, which can become either single- or multimode; and
enhanced beam quality in broad-area transverse multimode lasers. It
also leads to a different dynamical behavior, and a quantum cascade
laser subject to optical feedback can oscillate periodically or
even become chaotic. A quantum cascade laser under external control
could therefore be a source with enhanced properties for the usual
mid-infrared applications, but could also address new applications
such as tunable photonic oscillators, extreme events generators,
chaotic Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), chaos-based secured
communications or unpredictable countermeasures.
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