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The symbol of the Leviathan came to the forefront in political
theory, as the structure and the ideological justification of the
state underwent radical change in at least three European countries
from the early 1920s to the 1940s. Thus, the terrifying image of
Leviathan has sometimes given rise to a surprising historiography
of twentieth-century totalitarian states, tracing them back to the
origins of modern political thought, as if there were a direct line
of descent from Hobbes to Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin, or, worse
still, as if Hobbes's Leviathan (1651) were an exact anticipation
of twentieth-century political catastrophes. The differing
interpretations of Hobbes proposed by Strauss, Tonnies, Schmitt,
Vialatoux, Capitant, Pareto, Collingwood, and Oakeshott, are here
interpreted in the perspective of the interwar transformation of
Europe. The contributors, who are German, British and French
political philosophers, analyse the conditions which have made
possible conflicting readings of Hobbes's political philosophy, and
explain why they sometimes don't do justice to Leviathan.
Tom Sorell and Luc Foisneau bring together original essays by the
world's leading Hobbes scholars to discuss Hobbes's masterpiece
after three and a half centuries. The contributors address three
different themes. The first is the place of Leviathan within
Hobbes's output as a political philosopher. What does Leviathan add
to The Elements of Law (1640) and De Cive (1642; 1647)? What is the
relation between the English Leviathan and the Latin version of the
book (1668)? Does Leviathan deserve its pre-eminence? The second
theme concerns the connections between Hobbes's psychology and
Hobbes's politics. The essays discuss Hobbes's curious views on the
significance of laughter, evidence that he connected life in the
state with passionlessness; the ways in which such things as fear
for one's life entitle subjects to rebel; and the question of how
the sovereign's personal passions are to be squared with his
personifying a multitude. The third theme is Hobbes's views on the
Bible and the Church: contributors examine the tensions between any
allowance for ecclesiastical and (differently) biblical authority
on the one hand, and political authority on the other. This is a
book which anyone working on Hobbes or on this period of
intellectual history will want to read.
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