Over the past few years, the cross-disciplinary field of research devoted to family and kinship history in Europe has seen the emergence of an important stream of studies developing wide-ranging comparative perspectives on great spaces and long periods. Their hypotheses and interpretative models differ somewhat with regard of the factors taken into account, and of the underlying logic identified for these processes. The first part of this volume presents a broad discussion of these recent developments. The chapters in the second part have an alpine focus and are dealing more or less directly with the theoretical framework proposed by Dionigi Albera's book, Au fil des generations. The contributions to the third part of the book are further opening up the field. They leave the alpine terrain and are dedicated to some European contexts, with approaches that are generally influenced by the experience of Albera's analysis of Alpine Europe.

Interest in the history of ownership rights is growing and spreading to different disciplines. Historians are turning their attention mainly to the rise of private and individual ownership as it was codified in 19th-century liberal Europe. In writing this history, however, their perspective has too often ignored the other side of the coin, namely the restrictions which the sovereign imposed on such rights, allegedly in the interest of the community. The papers collected in the present volume suggest that private property is not necessarily the most safeguarded legal model, hence it is not less vulnerable to violation. They construct a close analysis of the most common forms of abuse of private property on record - expropriation, seizure, and confiscation - perpetrated by public authorities. They also seek to define the uneasy, often intricate relation between legal and legitimate. In a perspective of lights and shadows, the role of confiscation and expropriation changes : now seen as powerful instruments of change, now as enduring factors of conservation in the evolution of private ownership rights. Les droits de propriete sont depuis longtemps au coeur de l'interet de diverses disciplines. L'attention des historiens s'est focalisee surtout sur la naissance de la propriete privee et individuelle telle qu'elle a ete codifiee dans l'Europe liberale du XIXe siecle. Toutefois, son histoire a trop souvent neglige l'autre face de la medaille, a savoir les limites fixees a ce droit par le souverain au nom de l'interet de la collectivite. Les contributions figurant dans ce volume suggerent que la propriete privee individuelle ne represente pas le modele juridique le plus apte a la proteger face aux risques d'infraction. Au coeur des analyses il y a les formes historiques de la violation de la propriete privee - expropriations, saisies, confiscations - perpetrees par les autorites et le rapport, souvent complexe et ambigue, entre les dimensions de la legalite et de la legitimite. Dans un jeu d'ombres et de lumieres, les confiscations et les expropriations se dessinent a la fois comme de puissants instruments de changement et de tenaces facteur de conservation dans l'evolution des formes de propriete.