In this work the author correlates animal history with the evolution of human society and with ecological transformations in medieval Moldavia, revealing the role played by animals in the life of medieval communities, the exploitation strategies employed, the dynamics of the morphology, and the distribution of various animal species in medieval Moldavia. The objectives in view were: to evaluate the animal resources and the purposes of their use in various medieval settlements in Moldavian; to identify consumer diversity depending on geographical, ethnical and religious factors in the urban or rural environment; to describe the different animal species identified starting from the archaeozoological samples and to establish certain racial types of domestic animals in medieval Moldavia; and to evualuate the ways in which animals were utilized (age, gender, butchering methods, etc.).