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It is a matter of pleasure to present the Luminescence studies on
Sm3+, Eu3+, Dy3+, Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ ions in potassium niobate
silicate glasses. The prime objectives of this book are: To prepare
Potassium Niobate Silicate (K- Nb- Si) glasses doped Sm3+, Eu3+,
Dy3+, Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ ions To characterize and optimize the
prepared glasses by the conventional spectroscopic techniques like
absorption, emission, decay, etc. measurements. To identify the
optimum concentrations of dopant ions for efficient luminescence.
To find lifetime of the emission level of rare earth ion by
increasing active ion concentration This book has been written in a
simple and lucid manner. Every effort has been made to make the
treatment simple and comprehensive. The topics are explained with
the help of clear diagrams, S.I. units are used throughout the
book.In spite of our best efforts, some errors might have crept.
The authors do not take any legal responsibility for such errors
and omissions.If they are brought to our notice, they will be
corrected in next edition. Hope this book will be found useful be
the research students"
It is a pleasure to present the book provides a comprehensive and
up to date account of the EPR and Luminescence Studies on metal
ions and rare earth doped glasses. This book has been written in a
simple and lucid manner. The book only all inclusive dealing with
EPR and optical studies. This book continues to be a resource for
Optical Engineers, Researchers and Graduate Students. Every effort
has been made to make the treatment simple and comprehensive. The
topics are explained with the help of clear diagrams, S.I. units
are used throughout the book. In spite of our best efforts, some
errors might have crept. The authors do not take any legal
responsibility for such errors and omissions.
Bio-diesel manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats and used
cooking oils is an alternative fuel for diesel engines. It offers
many advantages such as renewable, energy efficient, nontoxic,
sulfur free and bio-degradable, and also offers cleaner combustion
and reduces global warming gas emissions. The present work reports
on the preparation of bio-diesel (methyl esters) from selected
edible and non edible oils and their performance and emission
characteristics. The experiments are carried out in three stages on
a Single cylinder kirlosker diesel engine which is commonly used in
agricultural sector. In the first stage, tests are carried out by
fuelling the diesel engine with tallow oil methyl ester (TME) and
its diesel blends. In the second stage, experiments are conducted
by fuelling the diesel engine with bio-diesel with LPG blends. The
engine is properly modified to operate under dual fuel operation
using LPG as the blend fuel along with Diesel and TME as ignition
source. Bio-diesel blended with LPG shows low emissions when
compared to other blends.
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