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The activation of carbon dioxide by transition metal complexes has
been extensively studied. both experimentally and theoretically. 1
Central reactions in this chemistry are the insertion of C02 into
M-X bonds. where X = H. C. 0. and N. (eq. 1-4). We are presently
investigating the mechanistic aspects of these reaction processes
and will herein deSCribe our current level of understanding.
Comparisons of the pathway of the carbon-carbon bond fonning
process in transition metal chemistry with the well known analogous
chemistry involving organolithium reagents will be presented.
Furthermore. the role of these reaction types in both homogeneous
and heterogenous catalytic processes leading to useful chemicals
will be elaborated. _OM> (1) lMt-H + ~ lMlopi _OM> (2) [Mt-R
+ C0. 2 [M]0. 2CR _OM> (3) [Mt-OR+ ~ [M]0. 2COR _OM> (4)
[Mt-NR2 + C0. 2 [M]~CNR2 Insertion of C02 into the Metal-Hydride
Bond. The reaction of anionic group 6 (Cr. Mo. W) transition metal
hydrides with carbon dioxide to afford metalloformates occurs
readlly at ambient temperature and 2 reduced pressures of carbon
dioxide. This insertion process is referred to the normal pathway
(Scheme 1). There are no documented cases of C02 insertion into the
metal hydride bond to provide the alternative. metallocarboxylic
acid. isomer (referred in Scheme 1 as abnormal). 3 Recent
theoretical studies ascribe this preference to an unfavorable
electrostatic interaction and poorer orbital overlap in the latter
pro 4 cess. Nevertheless.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Pugnochiuso,
Italy, June 22-July 3, 1986
Carbon Dioxide Recovery and Utilization is a complete and
informative resource on the carbon dioxide sources and market at
the European Union level, with reference to the world situation.
The book covers the following themes:
- Sources of carbon dioxide and their purity,
- Market of carbon dioxide and its uses,
- Separation techniques of carbon dioxide from flue gases,
- Analysis of the potential of each technique and
application,
- Basic science and technology of supercritical CO2,
- Reactions in supercritical CO2 and its use as reactive
solvent,
- Utilization of CO2 in the synthesis of chemicals with low energy
input,
- Conversion of CO2 into fuels: existing techniques,
- Dry reforming of methane,
- Assessment of the use of carbon dioxide for the synthesis of
methanol. This book is unique in providing integrated information
and a perspective on innovative technologies for the use of carbon
dioxide.
The book is suitable for use as a textbook for courses in chemical
engineering and chemistry. It is also of great interest as a
general reference for those involved with technologies for avoiding
carbon dioxide production and for economists.
This is an invaluable reference for specialists on synthetic
chemistry, gas separation, supercritical fluids, carbon dioxide
marketing, renewable energy and sustainable development. In
addition, it will be useful for those working in the chemical
industry and for policy makers for carbon dioxide mitigation,
innovative technologies, carbon recycling, and power
generation.
Carbon Dioxide Recovery and Utilization is a complete and
informative resource on the carbon dioxide sources and market at
the European Union level, with reference to the world situation.
The book covers the following themes:
- Sources of carbon dioxide and their purity,
- Market of carbon dioxide and its uses,
- Separation techniques of carbon dioxide from flue gases,
- Analysis of the potential of each technique and
application,
- Basic science and technology of supercritical CO2,
- Reactions in supercritical CO2 and its use as reactive
solvent,
- Utilization of CO2 in the synthesis of chemicals with low energy
input,
- Conversion of CO2 into fuels: existing techniques,
- Dry reforming of methane,
- Assessment of the use of carbon dioxide for the synthesis of
methanol. This book is unique in providing integrated information
and a perspective on innovative technologies for the use of carbon
dioxide.
The book is suitable for use as a textbook for courses in chemical
engineering and chemistry. It is also of great interest as a
general reference for those involved with technologies for avoiding
carbon dioxide production and for economists.
This is an invaluable reference for specialists on synthetic
chemistry, gas separation, supercritical fluids, carbon dioxide
marketing, renewable energy and sustainable development. In
addition, it will be useful for those working in the chemical
industry and for policy makers for carbon dioxide mitigation,
innovative technologies, carbon recycling, and power
generation.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Pugnochiuso,
Italy, June 22-July 3, 1986
Filling the need for an up-to-date handbook, this ready reference
closely investigates the use of CO2 for ureas, enzymes, carbamates,
and isocyanates, as well as its use as a solvent, in
electrochemistry, biomass utilization and much more.
Edited by an internationally renowned and experienced researcher,
this is a comprehensive source for every synthetic chemist in
academia and industry.
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