Translation of cognitive representations into written language is one of the most important processes in writing. This volume provides a long-awaited updated overview of the field. The contributors discuss each of the commonly used research methods for studying translation; theorize about the nature of the cognitive and language representations and cognitive/linguistic transformation mechanisms involved in translation during writing; and make the case that translation is a higher-order executive function that is fundamental to the writing process. The book also reviews the application of research to practice -- that is, the translation of the research findings in education and the work-world for individuals who interact with others using written language to communicate ideas. This volume provides a rich resource for student, theorists, and empirical researchers in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and education; and teachers and clinicians who can use the research in their work.

Translation of cognitive representations into written language is one of the most important processes in writing. This volume provides a long-awaited updated overview of the field. The contributors discuss each of the commonly used research methods for studying translation; theorize about the nature of the cognitive and language representations and cognitive/linguistic transformation mechanisms involved in translation during writing; and make the case that translation is a higher-order executive function that is fundamental to the writing process. The book also reviews the application of research to practice -- that is, the translation of the research findings in education and the work-world for individuals who interact with others using written language to communicate ideas. This volume provides a rich resource for student, theorists, and empirical researchers in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and education; and teachers and clinicians who can use the research in their work.

The locus of concreteness effects in memory for verbal materials has been described here in terms of the processing of shared and distinctive information. This theoretical view is consistent with a variety of findings previously taken as support for dual coding, insofar as both verbal and perceptual information may be involved in comprehending high-imagery sentences and in learning lists of concrete words. But going beyond previous accounts of imagery, this view also can provide explanations for several findings that appear contradictory to the thesis that concrete and abstract materials differ in the form of their storage in long-term memory. Although this does not rule out a role for imagery in list learning or text comprehension, it is clear that the complex processes involved in comprehension and memory for language go beyond mechanisms supplied by a theory based on the availability of modality-specific mental representations. The task now is to determine the viability of the theory in other domains. Several domains of imagery research presented at EWIC provided fertile ground for evaluating my theoretical viewpoint. Although not all provide a basis for distinguishing representational theories of imagery from the imagery as process view, there are data in several areas that are more consistent with the latter than the former. In other cases, there are at least potential sources of evidence that would allow such a distinction.

Das vorliegende Werk besitzt eine seltene Eigenschaft: Einerseits ist es yom mathe matischen Standpunkt genau und so vollstandig, daB es moglich ist, den Begriff "Teil menge" der Mengenlehre streng mathematisch zu definieren, ohne die Kritik eines Mathe matikers hervorzurufen; andererseits wird jeder der eingeftihrten und axiomatisch defi nierten Begriffe mit Anwendungen und zahlreichen Beispielen aus der Erfahrung ver bunden, so daB die mathematische Definition nur nattirlich erscheint. Das Werk kann sicherlich ohne umfangreiche mathematische Kenntnisse gelesen und nutzbringend gebraucht werden, wasjedoch den reinen Mathematiker nicht hindert, genaue Ausftihrungen, die er beansprucht, zu finden. Zu diesem letzten Punkt mochte ich die Beziehung zwischen der Booleschen Algebra der Teilmengen einer Menge und der binaren Algebra zitieren. Dieses Buch wendet sich an alle, die sich mit Boolescher Algebra beschaftigen, und lenkt die Aufmerksamkeit sowohl der weniger Eingeweihten als auch der Spezia listen auf sich. Vergessen wir nicht, daB die Boolesche Algebrajeden Tag in neue Bereiche ein dringt. Das Feld der Anwendungen erscheint jedoch so groB, daB jeder neue Bereich den Leser, der das gesamte Werk irn Auge hat, vom Weg abbringen konnte. Es ist uns zu Beginn gelungen, eine gute Einftihrung der unendlichen Mengen zu geben, obwohl irn Folgenden nur endliche Mengen beriicksichtigt werden. Auf diese Weise erhalt der Leser eine gewisse Aufnahmebereitschaft, die fUr das weitere Werk notwendig ist. Meiner Kenntnis nach ist es die einzige Abhandlung tiber Mengenlehre, die die Ahnlichkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen dem mathematischen Begriff der Menge und den verschiedenen benachbarten intuitiven Begriffen hervorhebt."

The use of modern tools like Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information system (GIS) have proved to be very successful in monitoring and evaluating natural resources. An effort has been made to study the stream dynamics of river Chambal using RS and GIS techniques to determine the change in flow dynamics, meandering and Entrenchment Ratio (ER) for different years using MSS (1972), TM (1990) and ETM+(2000) satellite imaginary.

This book represents the research efforts of individuals whose scientific expertise lies in reflection on what Sartre described as reflective acts. Theory in the cognitive psychology of mental imagery, endeavors not only being able to describe the contents and nature of mental imagery, but also being able to understand the underlying functional cognition. Psychologists need not solely rely on the techniques of introspection, and the last two decades have seen highly creative developments in techniques for eliciting behavioural data to be complemented by introspective reports. This level of sophistication has provided singular insights into the relationship between imagery and other consequential and universal aspects of human cognition: perception, memory, verbal processes and problem solving. The recognition that imagery, despite its ubiquitous nature, differs between individuals both in prevalence and in kind, and the dramatic rise in cognitive science has provided the additional potential for integrating our understanding of cognitive function with our understanding of neuroanatomy and of computer science.All of these relationships, developments and issues are dealt with in detail in this book, by some of the most distinguished authors in imagery research, working at present in both Europe and the U.S.A.