This text presents the most effective analysis for predicting the true stresses and deflections of concrete structures, accounting for creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of prestressed reinforcement. Sustainability has become a major requirement in modern structures, which need to sustain satisfactory service over a longer life. It is not rare to specify a life span of 100 years for infrastructure such as bridges. This complete and wide-ranging study of stresses and deformations of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures focuses on design methods for avoiding the deflections and cracking that diminish serviceability. This fourth edition has a new emphasis on designing for serviceability. It has been comprehensively updated. It now includes 65 solved examples and more than 45 instructive problems with answers given at the end of the book. An accompanying website contains design calculation programs, which allow interactive data input. Independent of codes of practice, the book is universally applicable, and is especially suitable for practising engineers and graduate students.

This text presents the most effective analysis for predicting the true stresses and deflections of concrete structures, accounting for creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of prestressed reinforcement. Sustainability has become a major requirement in modern structures, which need to sustain satisfactory service over a longer life. It is not rare to specify a life span of 100 years for infrastructure such as bridges. This complete and wide-ranging study of stresses and deformations of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures focuses on design methods for avoiding the deflections and cracking that diminish serviceability. This fourth edition has a new emphasis on designing for serviceability. It has been comprehensively updated. It now includes 65 solved examples and more than 45 instructive problems with answers given at the end of the book. An accompanying website contains design calculation programs, which allow interactive data input. Independent of codes of practice, the book is universally applicable, and is especially suitable for practising engineers and graduate students.

In the course of the years since H. D. SCHMIDT, in 1895, describcd his "microscopic dissector," a mechanical device for dissecting and study ing biological materials, a great wealth of information has been pub lished in the scientific and technical literature on methods involving the use of exceedingly delicate microtools mechanically guided under microscopic control for the investigation of microscopic structures and very small amounts of material.. The operative tools used can be moved with considerable precision under various microscopic magnifications to perform the required tasks. With the continuous progress in these methods, hundreds of micro manipulators and other mechanical manipulativc devices, auxiliaryequip ment, and a great diversity of microtools have been described for per forming varied operations on practically any type of materials and test objects. Thus, micromanipulative and related techniques have become innumerable and often intricate, and the applications, formerly confined to certain fields of biology and medicine, have been extended to the most diverse fields of science and technology as mtn be Been from a rapid glance at the contents of the presEmt volume.