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Only 14 years have passed since the first publication appeared
which implicated mycoplasmas as agents of plant disease. The
diseases them selves have been known for much longer; indeed clover
phyllody, a typical example, was described in the seventeenth
century, well before any animal mycoplasma diseases had been
documented. The early history of plant mycoplasmas is described in
Chapter 2 and one obvious conclusion to be drawn from the
frustrating experiences of the earlier workers is that the
experimental methods at their disposal were simply inadequate for
the task. Progress in science depends critically upon the
development of new methods. Although important advances have been
made in plant and insect mycoplasmology, notably in the discovery
of spiroplasmas, many intractable problems remain. Most plant myco
plasmas cannot yet be cultured in vitro, and their natural plant
habitat, the phloem, is one of the most difficult plant tissues for
the experi menter to handle, placing severe restrictions on the
type of experiments which can be performed in vivo. It is clear
that radically new methods may be required to solve these problems.
A survey of the progress which has been made shows that application
of techniques from a wide range of disciplines has been necessary.
A successful individual or group of workers must possess the skills
of a plant pathologist, a plantsman, a plant physiologist, a
light-and electron microscopist, a bacteriologist, a biochemist, an
immunologist, an ento mologist, a virologist and a molecular
geneticist."
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