This survey of the important types of inorganic and organic crystal structures treats its subject thoroughly and in sufficient depth for undergraduate modules in chemistry courses. Features of this book are the instructions for 3D stereoviewing which is central to a full appreciation of the presentation. Clear directions for making your own stereo have been provided in the book, which enables readers to examine the plentiful stereo of lattices and crystal structures which are illustrated.
The introductory chapter explains point-group and space-group symmetry insofar as required to understand lattices and crystal structures. Crystal structures are sub-divided according to the atomic force mainly responsible for cohesion in the solid state, The descriptions of the structures are gi in crystallographic terms, including data on the space group, molecular symmetry and molecular geometry. Discussions of bonding theory for each sub-division of the structures enhance and strengthen the author s presentation.
The book stems from the author s successful lecture courses, tested and refined in class teaching. It draws as necessary on equilibrium thermodynamics and other chemical topics, with avoidance of advanced mathematics, A level being the prerequisite.
Examines the important types of inorganic and organic crystal structuresIncludes instructions for making simple stereoviewers and computer programsDraws, as necessary, on equilibrium thermodynamics and other chemical topics, with avoidance of advanced mathematics"

X-ray crystallography provides us with the most accurate picture we can get of atomic and molecular structures in crystals. It provides a hard bedrock of structural results in chemistry and in mineralogy. In biology, where the structures are not fully crystalline, it can still provide valuable results and, indeed, the impact here has been revolutionary. It is still an immense field for young workers, and no doubt will provide yet more striking developments of a major character. It does, however, require a wide range of intellectual application, and a considerable ability in many fields. This book will provide much help. It is a very straightforward and thorough guide to every aspect of the subject. The authors are ex perienced both as research workers and as teachers of standing, and this is shown in their clarity of exposition. There are plenty of illustrations and worked examples to aid the student to obtain a real grasp of the subject. The practical side is encouraged by the very clarity of the theory."

Crystallography may be described as the science of the structure of materi als, using this word in its widest sense, and its ramifications are apparent over a broad front of current scientific endeavor. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that most universities offer some aspects of crystallography in their undergraduate courses in the physical sciences. It is the principal aim of this book to present an introduction to structure determination by X-ray crystal lography that is appropriate mainly to both final-year undergraduate studies in crystallography, chemistry, and chemical physics, and introductory post graduate work in this area of crystallography. We believe that the book will be of interest in other disciplines, such as physics, metallurgy, biochemistry, and geology, where crystallography has an important part to play. In the space of one book, it is not possible either to cover all aspects of crystallography or to treat all the subject matter completely rigorously. In particular, certain mathematical results are assumed in order that their applications may be discussed. At the end of each chapter, a short bibliog raphy is given, which may be used to extend the scope of the treatment given here. In addition, reference is made in the text to specific sources of information. We have chosen not to discuss experimental methods extensively, as we consider that this aspect of crystallography is best learned through practical experience, but an attempt has been made to simulate the interpretive side of experimental crystallography in both examples and exercises."

How the 2016 news media environment allowed Trump to win the presidency The 2016 presidential election campaign might have seemed to be all about one man. He certainly did everything possible to reinforce that impression. But to an unprecedented degree the campaign also was about the news media and its relationships with the man who won and the woman he defeated. Words that Matter assesses how the news media covered the extraordinary 2016 election and, more important, what information-true, false, or somewhere in between-actually helped voters make up their minds. Using journalists' real-time tweets and published news coverage of campaign events, along with Gallup polling data measuring how voters perceived that reporting, the book traces the flow of information from candidates and their campaigns to journalists and to the public. The evidence uncovered shows how Donald Trump's victory, and Hillary Clinton's loss, resulted in large part from how the news media responded to these two unique candidates. Both candidates were unusual in their own ways, and thus presented a long list of possible issues for the media to focus on. Which of these many topics got communicated to voters made a big difference outcome. What people heard about these two candidates during the campaign was quite different. Coverage of Trump was scattered among many different issues, and while many of those issues were negative, no single negative narrative came to dominate the coverage of the man who would be elected the 45th president of the United States. Clinton, by contrast, faced an almost unrelenting news media focus on one negative issue-her alleged misuse of e-mails-that captured public attention in a way that the more numerous questions about Trump did not. Some news media coverage of the campaign was insightful and helpful to voters who really wanted serious information to help them make the most important decision a democracy offers. But this book also demonstrates how the modern media environment can exacerbate the kind of pack journalism that leads some issues to dominate the news while others of equal or greater importance get almost no attention, making it hard for voters to make informed choices.

As recently as the early 1970s, the news media was one of the most respected institutions in the United States. Yet by the 1990s, this trust had all but evaporated. Why has confidence in the press declined so dramatically over the past 40 years? And has this change shaped the public's political behavior? This book examines waning public trust in the institutional news media within the context of the American political system and looks at how this lack of confidence has altered the ways people acquire political information and form electoral preferences.

Jonathan Ladd argues that in the 1950s, '60s, and early '70s, competition in American party politics and the media industry reached historic lows. When competition later intensified in both of these realms, the public's distrust of the institutional media grew, leading the public to resist the mainstream press's information about policy outcomes and turn toward alternative partisan media outlets. As a result, public beliefs and voting behavior are now increasingly shaped by partisan predispositions. Ladd contends that it is not realistic or desirable to suppress party and media competition to the levels of the mid-twentieth century; rather, in the contemporary media environment, new ways to augment the public's knowledgeability and responsiveness must be explored.

Drawing on historical evidence, experiments, and public opinion surveys, this book shows that in a world of endless news sources, citizens' trust in institutional media is more important than ever before.

1 Nephi is written chiastically, with 16 of the 22 chapters containing near chapter-wide chiasmi. Until now, these large parallel structures have not been documented. However, by their study we gain a deeper connection to Nephi the ancient prophet, and new insight into his gospel thinking, in particular the Atonement. The heart of Nephi's composition is his account of his vision of the tree of life, which features many inspiring parallels. For instance, there are two usages of condescension, one which speaks of Christ's birth to a fair virgin, and the other which tells of Christ's baptism. The question arises, how are these parallel? Nephi's vision at the center of his book also extends into chapters 12-14. These three chapters form a large chiasmus, and narrow to center on the restoration. The precise center of chapters 11's chiasmus and chapters 12-14's share the common thought - that He spake unto me. This is the hinge of Nephi's message, which is that God desires to commune with man, whether by angel, personal visitation, or the still small voice of the Spirit. This book also explores in depth the story of Nephi and Laban. Answering such questions as, what does Laban mean in Hebrew, and why is that important? As well, this book identifies prophetic pattern found in the stories of Jonah, Elijah, Joseph in Egypt, Moses, and Stephen, and examines how Nephi uses these same patterns in his writing.