A study of institutional transformation over 50 years that mirrors changing perceptions of economic development in Britain's aid policies. CD's development impact is increasingly seen in terms of achieving economic externalities. Forthcoming privatization raises new issues of the compatibility of CD's developmental role with meeting the requirements of private investors and capital markets.

The Commonwealth development Corporation (CDC) was launched with all-party support as one of the initiatives to build a better post-war world. After a troubled start it earned its role as Britain's development agency. The chairmanship of Lord Reith in the 1950s left a legacy of robust independence within the public sector framework. Few public sector businesses escaped privatisation by the Conservative Governments of the 1980s and 1990s, yet CDC was exempted. The first privatisation announcement of the New Labour Government in 1997 was in respect of CDC and enabling legislation has since been passed to provide for a long-term public-private partnership. The compatibility of a continuing development role with meeting the requirements of investors is still controversial as CDC adapts its operations to those of a private equity fund for emerging economies. Sir Michael McWilliam has written a study of institutional transformation that reflects changing perceptions of the role of development agencies. His membership of the CDC Board and access to its records give authority to this appraisal and to the discussion of the proposed privatisation.

From Eared Grebes, Tundra Swans, and Peregrine Falcons to Lesser Yellowlegs, and Snowy Owls, Pennsylvania is home to a magnificent array of birds. In the first comprehensive summary and analysis in over a century of the birds of that state, Gerald M. McWilliams and Daniel W. Brauning provide a wealth of information for both the professional ornithologist and the amateur birder. This book treats all 428 species seen in the state, including breeding and wintering birds, migrants, and vagrants. Each entry provides the general status of a species; the locations where it is most commonly found; its natural habitat, migratory patterns, breeding habits, and seasonal status and distribution; and a summary of the bird's history in Pennsylvania. With clear descriptions of physiographic regions as well as 44 breeding distribution maps for the most commonly seen birds and 67 photographs of many rare and hard-to-find species, this volume is an indispensable resource about Pennsylvania's bird life.