This unbiased look at the minimum wage debate in America traces the history of minimum wage policy at both the federal and state levels, discusses the controversies swirling around the issue, and examines the veracity of claims made by people on both sides of the debate. Minimum wage inspires debate among many Americans-from advocates who consider it beneficial to the poor and middle class to those who feel it leads to greater unemployment. This comprehensive overview examines the history, policies, and key players in the minimum wage arena and discusses the various controversies that have surrounded it. Author Oren M. Levin-Waldman presents a balanced approach to the topic, shedding light on legitimate evidence from both sides of the argument and debunking claims based on ideology, partisanship, and distortions of data. The book presents an historical overview from the early 20th century through the present day, exploring the various legal issues, benefits, and potential problems of low-wage labor markets. Contributions from key economists along with profiles of seminal figures and organizations present a variety of different perspectives and show the expanse of political, economic, and academic involvement in marshaling effective solutions. The content features informative data, resources for further action, a helpful chronology, and a thorough glossary. Presents data not typically found in many of the standard works Reviews the impact of previous increases in the minimum wage at both the federal and state levels Identifies the leading critics and proponents of minimum wage increases from the early 20th century to the present Surveys the impact of compensation laws around the world Pays attention to impact of minimum wage policy on the middle class as well as the poor and working class Provides an impartial and unbiased look at the issue, acknowledging the validity of points and concerns raised by both sides

Relatively bland historical introduction for general readers emphasizes economic development, social inequality, and apparent inability of reforms to address inequality. Begins in 1500, but more than half of volume is devoted to post-1930 Brazil and contemporary issues. Getâulio Vargas is central both as a reformist turning point in politics and as a representative enigma. Useful, but much less piquant and heartfelt than author's Brazilian legacies (item #bi 00006099#)"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58.

This book delivers a fresh and fascinating perspective on the issue of the minimum wage. While most discussions of the minimum wage place it at the center of a debate between those who oppose such a policy and argue it leads to greater unemployment, and those who favor it and argue it improves the economic well-being of low-income workers, Levin-Waldman makes the case for the minimum wage as a way to improve the well-being of middle-income workers, strengthen the US economy, reduce income inequality, and enhance democracy. Making a timely and original contribution to the defining issues of our time-the state of the middle class, the problem of inequality, and the crisis of democratic governance-Restoring the Middle Class through Wage Policy will be of interest to students and researchers considering the impact of such approaches across the fields of public policy, economics, and political science.

Controversies over the merits of public and private education have never been more prominent than today. This book evaluates public and private schooling, especially in regard to choices families must make for their children.While choice among publics schools is widely advocated today by families and states, public support for private education - including vouchers, tax credits, charter schools, and private contracting - is politically controversial. The authors accessibly describe what research shows as to the effects - for communities and children - of these approaches. They move beyond school choice to show how other factors - most notably the family - have a strong effect on a child's educational success. The book helps educators and parents better understand the rapidly changing educational environment and the important choices they make in educating the nation's children.

This collection of essays examines how modern public spheres reflect and mask--often simultaneously--discourses of order, contests for hegemony, and techniques of power in the Muslim world. It builds on scholarship that re-imagines theories and practices of the public in modern and contemporary societies. While examining disparate time periods and locations, each contributor views modern and contemporary public spheres as crucial to the functioning, and understanding, of political and societal power in Muslim majority countries.

In this issue of Clinics in Chest Medicine, guest editors Drs. Luis Angel and Stephanie M. Levine bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Lung Transplantation. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as difficult decisions to transplant patients who are older, frail, underweight and obese; organ donation and variability in conversion to lung transplantation; conventional and novel approaches to immunosuppression; acute rejection and chronic allograft dysfunction; and more. Contains 14 relevant, practice-oriented topics including COVID-19 and lung transplantation; the lung transplant candidate: indications, timing and selection criteria; bilateral lung transplantation vs. single lung transplant: complications, quality of life, and survival; critical care management of the lung transplant recipient; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on lung transplantation, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

How has 9/11 and the declaration of the 'global war on terror' changed our conceptions of politics? How has it affected our understanding of democracy, personal freedom and government accountability? In answering these and other questions, the authors engage in a comprehensive and critical analysis of politics in the age of terrorism.

This book contains essential data necessary to develop both a learning theory and a theory of therapeutic change for psychoanalysis. It approaches how the mind-brain deals with the acquisition, transfer, modification, and utilization of information.

Combinatorial Engineering of Decomposable Systems presents a morphological approach to the combinatorial design/synthesis of decomposable systems. Applications involve the following: design (e.g., information systems; user's interfaces; educational courses); planning (e.g., problem-solving strategies; product life cycles; investment); metaheuristics for combinatorial optimization; information retrieval; etc.

This book examines how, from the late nineteenth century through the 1920s, British policymakers, welfare providers, and working-class men struggled to accommodate men's dependence on the state within understandings of masculine citizenship.

Candid-related complex (CRC) or other species of yeast (fungi) infections may well be the underlying cause of an imbalanced immune system and seemingly unsolvable clinical symptoms: mood swings, chronic muscle aches and joint pain, poor memory, sinus congestion, chemical sensitivies, digest disturbances, fatigue, anxiety and skin rashes. This book expolores how to cure a host of conditions that may well include autism, allegies/addictions, bipolar disorders, Lyme disease, thyroid imbalance and vaginitis.

Curatorial Intervention: History and Current Practice, is a critical analysis of the dynamic roles curators play in shaping, mediating and, at times, redefining the artist-audience exchange. Focusing on contemporary curatorial practice, this work critically examines the ways in which curators impact artists' intentionality, and how this alters audiences' experiences of reception. Through discussions with leading artists, curators, and arts administrators, Brett Levine posits a new paradigm for defining and contextualizing curatorial practice, while exploring how the former dialectic of intention and reception is today defined by the triad intention-intervention-reception. After situating the more traditional artist-audience relationship, he explores how extant theories of the art experience fail to either provide for curatorial practice or contextualize its operations while also overlooking questions of transparency, agency, and power. Offering a new professional and operational model, Curatorial Intervention highlights how the artist-curator and curator-audience relations displace and, at times redefine, the experience of works of art. In response to the disenfranchisement of curatorial practice, and the emergence of every act of discernment being transformed into curating-as little more than a fashionable pastime-the author reasserts the dynamic roles that exist between artist, curator, and audience, and between object, operation, and experience.

Curatorial Intervention: History and Current Practice, is a critical analysis of the dynamic roles curators play in shaping, mediating and, at times, redefining the artist-audience exchange. Focusing on contemporary curatorial practice, this work critically examines the ways in which curators impact artists' intentionality, and how this alters audiences' experiences of reception. Through discussions with leading artists, curators, and arts administrators, Brett Levine posits a new paradigm for defining and contextualizing curatorial practice, while exploring how the former dialectic of intention and reception is today defined by the triad intention-intervention-reception. After situating the more traditional artist-audience relationship, he explores how extant theories of the art experience fail to either provide for curatorial practice or contextualize its operations while also overlooking questions of transparency, agency, and power. Offering a new professional and operational model, Curatorial Intervention highlights how the artist-curator and curator-audience relations displace and, at times redefine, the experience of works of art. In response to the disenfranchisement of curatorial practice, and the emergence of every act of discernment being transformed into curating-as little more than a fashionable pastime-the author reasserts the dynamic roles that exist between artist, curator, and audience, and between object, operation, and experience.

This book summarizes the etiology, presentation, and treatment of the complex symptoms, infections, and opportunistic cancers of people living with HIV/AIDS. With contributions from nearly 25 clinicians and citing more than 1200 references to support and elaborate on text material, AIDS-Related Cancers and Their Treatment is a crucial reference for all clinical specialists involved.

Public historians working at museums and historic sites focused on the Civil War era are tasked with interpreting a period of history that remains deeply controversial. Many visitors have strong connections to historic sites such as battlefields and artifacts as well as harbor strong convictions about the cause of the war, its consequences and the importance of slavery. Interpreting the Civil War at Museums and Historic Sites surveys how museums and historic sites approached these challenges and others during the Civil War sesquicentennial (2011-2015). In doing so, this book offers museums and history professionals strategies to help shape conversations with local communities, develop exhibits and train interpreters. With the ongoing controversy surrounding the display of the Confederate battle flag and monuments, there has never been a more opportune moment to look critically at how the Civil War has been interpreted and why it continues to matter to so many Americans. Each chapter is written by a professional public historian currently working at a museum or historic site. They cover topics such as: *Building relations with the public *How specific museums interpreted the war and overcame challenges of location, audience, funding *How the National Park Service and Georgia Historical Society approached commemorating important anniversaries

Between 1500 and 1750, European expansion and global interaction produced vast wealth. As goods traveled by ship along new global trade routes, piracy also flourished on the world's seas. Pillaging the Empire tells the fascinating story of maritime predation in this period, including the perspectives of both pirates and their victims. Brushing aside the romantic legends of piracy, Kris Lane pays careful attention to the varied circumstances and motives that led to the rise of this bloodthirsty pursuit of riches, and places the history of piracy in the context of early modern empire building. This second edition of Pillaging the Empire has been revised and expanded to incorporate the latest scholarship on piracy, maritime law, and early modern state formation. With a new chapter on piracy in East and Southeast Asia, Lane considers piracy as a global phenomenon. Filled with colorful details and stories of individual pirates from Francis Drake to the women pirates Ann Bonny and Mary Read, this engaging narrative will be of interest to all those studying the history of Latin America, the Atlantic world, and the global empires of the early modern era.

The Contemporary Anglophone Travel Novel explores the themes of alienation and displacement in a genre of post-World War II novels that portrays the pursuit of an authentic travel experience in a culturally unfamiliar place. Levin explores two questions: why does travel to an "undiscovered" place-one imagined outside the bounds of modernity-remain an enduring preoccupation in western civilization; and how does the representation of adventure travel change in the era of mass culture, when global capitalism expands at a rapid pace. The book argues that whereas travel writers between the wars romanticized their journeys overseas, travel writing after World War II takes an increasingly melancholic and nihilistic view of a commercial society in which adventure travel no longer proves capable of producing a sense of authentic selfhood. Through close analysis of specific texts and authors, the book provides a rich discussion of anglophone literature in the cultural context of the twentieth-century. It examines the capacity of popular culture for social critique, the relationship between leisure travel and postcolonial cultures, and the idealization of selfhood and authenticity in modern and postmodern culture. The study reflects the best potential of interdisciplinary scholarship, and will prove influential for anyone working in the fields of contemporary literature, cultural theory, and cross-cultural studies.

Studies of the political history of twentieth-century China traditionally have been skewed toward a two-dimensional view of the major combatants: the Chinese Communist Party and the Guomindang. Although their struggle undeniably has been the main story, it is neither the only nor the complete story. During the Republican period (1912-1949), many ed

While the high cost of education draws headlines, the cost of not educating America's children goes largely ignored. The Price We Pay remedies this oversight by highlighting the private and public costs of inadequate education. In this volume, leading scholars from a broad range of fields -including economics, education, demography, and public health -attach hard numbers to the relationship between educational attainment and such critical indicators as income, health, crime, dependence on public assistance, and political participation. They explore policy interventions that could boost the education system's performance and explain why demographic trends make the challenge of educating our youth so urgent today. Improving educational outcomes for at-risk youth is more than a noble goal. It is an investment with the potential to yield benefits that far outstrip its costs. The Price We Pay provides the tools readers need to analyze both sides of the balance sheet and make informed decisions about which policies will pay off. Contributors include Thomas Bailey (Teachers College, Columbia University), Ronald F. Ferguson (Harvard University), Irwin Garfinkel (Columbia University), Jane Junn (Rutgers University), Brendan Kelly (Columbia University), Enrico Moretti (UCLA), Peter Muennig (Columbia University), Michael Rebell (Teachers College, Columbia University), Richard Rothstein (Teachers College, Columbia University), Cecilia E. Rouse (Princeton University), Marta Tienda (Princeton University), Jane Waldfogel (Columbia University), and Tamara Wilder (Teachers College, Columbia University).

Controversies over the merits of public and private education have never been more prominent than today. This book evaluates public and private schooling, especially in regard to choices families must make for their children.While choice among publics schools is widely advocated today by families and states, public support for private education - including vouchers, tax credits, charter schools, and private contracting - is politically controversial. The authors accessibly describe what research shows as to the effects - for communities and children - of these approaches. They move beyond school choice to show how other factors - most notably the family - have a strong effect on a child's educational success. The book helps educators and parents better understand the rapidly changing educational environment and the important choices they make in educating the nation's children.